Структура руководства компании apple

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following outline of Apple Inc. is a topical guide to the products, history, retail stores, corporate acquisitions, and personnel under the purview of the American multinational corporation Apple Inc.

Hardware[edit]

Mac[edit]

Mac, a family of personal computers made by Apple.

• MacBook – notebook lineup
  • MacBook Air – ultrabook
  • MacBook Pro – pro notebook
• iMac – all-in-one consumer desktop
• Mac Mini – small form factor desktop
• Mac Studio — small form factor desktop workstation
• Mac Pro – customizable desktop workstation

iPhone[edit]

Apple’s smartphone.

• iPhone SE — Apple’s cheapest iPhone
• iPhone 13 — last year’s iPhone
• iPhone 14 (and 14 Plus) — this year’s iPhone
• IPhone 14 Pro (and Pro Max) — this year’s high-end iPhone

iPad[edit]

Main article: iPad

Apple’s tablet lineup.

• iPad — the name for Apple’s entry-level iPads
• iPad Air — a more powerful, higher-end iPad
• iPad Mini — smaller iPad
• iPad Pro — pro iPad

Apple Watch[edit]

Apple’s smartwatch lineup.

• Apple Watch — base model
  • Apple Watch Nike — sports smartwatch
  • Apple Watch Hermès — fashion smartwatch
• Apple Watch Ultra — high-end model with longer battery

Accessories[edit]

• AirPods — wireless audio accessory lineup
  • AirPods — entry-level earbuds
  • AirPods Pro — noise-cancelling earbuds
  • AirPods Max — over-ear headphones
• Apple TV — digital media player
• Apple Pencil — digital stylus and input device for iPads
• HomePod Mini — home speaker with Siri built-in
• Siri Remote — Apple TV remote
• Computer displays
  • Studio Display — consumer display
  • Pro Display XDR — pro display
• Computer peripherals
  • Magic Keyboard — Apple’s keyboard with optional fingerprint sensor for Macintosh computers
    • Magic Keyboard for iPad — Magic Keyboard version for the iPad Pro and iPad Air
  • Magic Mouse — Apple’s multi-touch mouse
  • Magic Trackpad — multi-touch external trackpad

Software[edit]

Operating systems[edit]

• macOS — for Macs
  • List of macOS built-in apps – apps built-in to macOS
  • List of Mac software – a list of applications for macOS
  • List of Mac games — a list of games for macOS.
  • Architecture of macOS — macOS’s architecture
  • History of macOS — macOS’s history
  • macOS version history — macOS’s version history
• iOS — for iPhones
• iPadOS — for iPads
• watchOS — for Apple Watch
• tvOS — for Apple TV
• audioOS — for HomePods

macOS[edit]

macOS Server[edit]

iOS[edit]

Software[edit]

Pro apps[edit]

Services[edit]

Consumer-facing[edit]

• Apple Arcade — on-demand game service
• Apple Card — credit card
• Apple Fitness+ — guided workouts
• Apple Music — music streaming service
• Apple News+ — premium news service
• Apple Podcasts — podcast service
• Apple TV+ — video streaming service
• iCloud — consumer cloud service
• iTunes Store — digital media store

Back-end[edit]

• iTunes Connect — service to upload content to the iTunes Store and Apple Books

Developers[edit]

• App Store — app distribution service
  • iOS app approvals – app review and approval process
  • Mac App Store — app distribution service for macOS
• Apple Developer — Apple’s developer network
• WWDC — Apple’s yearly developer conference

Apps[edit]

• Instruments — app performance analyzer
• Xcode — integrated development environment (IDE)

APIs[edit]

• CloudKit — allows developers to build iCloud sync into their apps
• Cocoa — Apple’s user interface API for macOS
• Cocoa Touch — Apple’s user interface API for iOS
• GymKit — protocol for communication between Apple Watch and gym equipment
• HealthKit — APIs to integrate with Apple’s Health app
• HomeKit — home automation framework
• Metal — Apple’s graphics API on all platforms
• WebKit — open-source browser engine

Retail[edit]

• Apple Store — worldwide chain of over 424 retail stores
• Genius Bar — tech support and repair service at Apple Stores
• Apple Authorized Service Provider — Apple-authorized resellers and repair shops
• AppleCare — warranty and accidental damage support plan for iPhone, iPad and Mac
• Apple certification programs — IT professional certifications for Apple products

History[edit]

• History of Apple Inc. — company history
  • Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation — a 1994 copyright infringement lawsuit
• Timeline of Apple Inc. products — a timeline of all Apple products
• develop — Apple’s in-house developers’ magazine (between Jan 1990 and Mar 1997)

Mac history[edit]

• Mac transition to Intel processors — the transition from PowerPC to Intel x86 processors
• Mac transition to Apple silicon — the transition from Intel to Apple silicon processors
• List of Mac models — list of all Macs throughout history
• History of the Macintosh — history of Apple’s defunct Macintosh lineup (1984–1998)
• Timeline of the Apple II series — a timeline of Apple II computers

Defunct displays[edit]

• Apple Studio Display — LCD and CRT display lineup (1998–2004)
• Apple Cinema Display — defunct display lineup (1999–2011)
• Apple ThunderBolt Display — 27-inch computer monitor (2011–2016)

iPhone history[edit]

• History of the iPhone — history of Apple’s iPhone
• List of iPhone models — list of all iPhone devices

Defunct iPhones[edit]

• iPhone (1st generation) — released in 2007
• iPhone 3G – released in 2008
• iPhone 3GS – released in 2009
• iPhone 4 – new design, Retina display, released in 2010
• iPhone 4S – adds Siri, released in 2011
• iPhone 5 – 4″ screen, new Lightning connector, nano-SIM support, 4G LTE support, released in 2012
  • iPhone 5C – lower cost polycarbonate variant
• iPhone 5S – adds Touch ID, released in 2013
• iPhone 6 (and 6 Plus) – larger screen, rounder and thinner design, NFC support with Apple Pay, released in 2014
• iPhone 6S (and 6S Plus) – 12 MP camera, 3D Touch, released in 2015
• iPhone SE (1st generation) – design of the iPhone 5S and internals of the iPhone 6S, released in 2016
• iPhone 7 (and 7 Plus) — remove the 3.5mm headphone jack, released in 2016
• iPhone 8 (and 8 Plus) – support for wireless charging, new Neural Engine, released in 2017
• iPhone X — 5.8″ screen, Face ID, released in 2017
• iPhone XS (and XS Max) — improved camera, released in 2018
  • iPhone XR – lower-cost model with an LCD screen
• iPhone 11 — released in 2019
  • iPhone 11 Pro (and 11 Pro Max) — triple cameras version
• iPhone SE (2nd generation) – design of the iPhone 8 and internals of the iPhone 11, released in 2020
• iPhone 12 (and 12 Mini) – OLED screen, released in 2021
  • iPhone 12 Pro (and 12 Pro Max) – new design, LIDAR sensor, Dolby Vision HDR video recording

Defunct products[edit]

• iPod — defunct portable music player lineup
  • IPod Classic — high-end iPod (2001–2014)
  • IPod Mini — smaller iPod (2004–2005)
  • IPod Nano — smallest iPod (2005–2017)
  • IPod Touch — multitouch iPod (2007–2022)
• Newton – defunct personal digital assistant (PDA) lineup, the first ones with handwriting recognition
• Xserve — defunct rack-mounted server lineup

Defunct software[edit]

• Aperture — professional photo editing app (2005-2015)
• Mac OS – the Macintosh operating system preceding macOS (1984–2001)
  • Mac OS memory management — Mac OS memory management details
  • System 6 — released in 1988
  • System 7 — released in 1991
  • Copland — System 7’s scrapped successor (1994–1996)
  • Mac OS 8 — released in 1997
  • Mac OS 9 — released in 1999
• Xsan – a storage area network for macOS

Defunct protocols[edit]

• AFP — defunct disk sharing network protocol
• AppleTalk — defunct local networking protocol (1985–2009)

Ancillary operating systems[edit]

• A/UX — short-lived commercial OS merging System 7’s GUI and application layer atop UNIX on select 68k Macintoshes
• MkLinux — a libre experiment in microkernel engineering (1996–2002)

Hardware before 1998[edit]

Hardware after 1998[edit]

Apple silicon[edit]

Technologies and protocols[edit]

• AirDrop — Mac and iOS filesharing protocol
• Apple Lossless – open-source lossless audio codec
• Bonjour — Apple’s implementation of Zeroconf
• CarPlay — a standard for connecting to cars

Personnel[edit]

Founders[edit]

• Steve Jobs — 1976–1985, 1997–2011 — Co-founder, Chairman, CEO
• Steve Wozniak — 1976–1985 — Co-founder, Engineer (ceremonial role; 1985–current)
• Ronald Wayne — 1976–1976 — Co-founder (briefly; 2 weeks).

CEOs[edit]

• Tim Cook — 2011–current
  • Former CEOs:
    • Michael Scott — 1977–1981
    • Mike Markkula — 1981–1983
    • John Sculley — 1983–1993
    • Michael Spindler — 1993–1996
    • Gil Amelio — 1996–1997
    • Steve Jobs — 1997–2011

Board of directors[edit]

• Al Gore — 1997–current — 45th Vice President of the United States
• Tim Cook — 2011–current — President and CEO of Apple
• Andrea Jung — 2008–current — former CEO of Avon Products
• Arthur D. Levinson — 2000–current — former CEO Genentech, Chairman of Apple Inc. since 2011
• Ronald Sugar — 2010–current — former CEO of Northrop Grumman
• James A. Bell — 2015–current — former CFO of Boeing
• Alex Gorsky — 2021–current — CEO of Johnson & Johnson
• Monica C. Lozano — 2021–current — CEO of College Futures Foundation
• Susan Wagner — 2014–current — BlackRock founding partner and director

Former board members[edit]

• Bill Campbell — 1997–2016 — former chairman and CEO of Intuit
• Millard Drexler — 1999–2015 — former chairman and CEO, J. Crew
• Jerry York — 1997–2010 — former CFO of IBM and Chrysler
• Bob Iger — 2011–2019 — former President and CEO, The Walt Disney Company

Executives[edit]

• Tim Cook — 1998–current — CEO (previously SVP of Worldwide Sales and Operations)
• Jeff Williams — 1998–current — COO
• Luca Maestri — 2013–current — CFO
• Katherine L. Adams — 2017–current — General Counsel
• Greg «Joz» Joswiak — 1986–current — SVP Worldwide Marketing^[1]
• Craig Federighi — 1996–1999, 2009-current — SVP Software Engineering.
• Eddy Cue — 1989–current — SVP Services.
• John Giannandrea — 2018–current — SVP Machine Learning and AI Strategy
• John Ternus — 2001–current — SVP Hardware Engineering
• Johny Srouji — 2008–current — SVP Hardware Technologies
• Deirdre O’Brien — 1991–current — SVP Retail + People
• Sabih Khan — 1995–current — SVP Operations

Former executives[edit]

• Peter Oppenheimer — 1996–2014 — SVP and CFO
• Henri Lamiraux — 1990–2013 — former iOS (previously Mac OS then OS X) Software Engineering VP^[2]
• Scott Forstall — 1996–2011 — former SVP of iOS Software.
• Ron Johnson — 2000–2011 — former SVP of Retail Operations.
• John Browett — 2012–2012 — SVP of Retail. Former CEO of Dixons.
• Mark Papermaster — 2008–2010 — former SVP of Devices Hardware Engineering.
• Bertrand Serlet — 1997–2011 — former SVP of Software Engineering
• Sina Tamaddon — 1997–? — former SVP of Applications
• Angela Ahrendts — 2014–2019 — former SVP of Retail. Formerly CEO of Burberry
• Jonathan Ive — 1992–2019 — CDO (previously SVP of Industrial Design)
• Bruce Sewell — 2009–? — formerly General Counsel
• Dan Riccio — 1998–current — former SVP of Hardware Engineering, currently working on unnamed project^[3]
• Phil Schiller — 1987–current — Apple Fellow (previously SVP of Worldwide Marketing)^[1]
• Bob Mansfield — 2005–2012 — former SVP of Mac and Devices Hardware Engineering (later Technologies),^[4] from July 2013, retained for «special projects»

Other contributors[edit]

• Mark Davis, software engineer and language programmer who started his career at Apple

• Apple worker organizations

Subsidiaries[edit]

• Braeburn Capital – Apple-owned asset management company
• FileMaker Inc. – Apple subsidiary that designs and releases database applications
• Kaleida Labs – (founded 1992) a partnership co-founded with IBM as a result of the historic 1991 AIM alliance, meant to explore the creation of multimedia platforms
• Taligent – (founded March 2, 1992), a partnership co-founded with IBM as a result of the historic 1991 AIM alliance, meant to bring the radically object-oriented operating system Pink to market

Mergers and acquisitions[edit]

• Apple Inc. mergers and acquisitions – a list of company mergers and acquisitions by Apple (in alphabetical order):
  • AlgoTrim – (bought August 2013), a Swedish data compression company, especially focused on still/video image compression, founded by Anders Berglund, Anders Holtsberg, and Martin Lindberg in 2005.
  • Anobit – (bought December 2011), an Israeli fabless flash memory company, founded by Ehud Weinstein, Ariel Maislos, and Ofir Shalvi in 2006.
  • AuthenTec – (bought July 2012), security hardware and software for PCs and mobile device company, founded in 1998.
  • Beats Electronics – (bought August 2014), music headphones and streaming service
  • Chomp – (bought February 2012), an app search engine company, founded by Ben Keighran and Cathy Edwards in 2009.
  • Cue – (bought October 2013), a personal assistant app company, founded by Daniel Gross and Robby Walker in 2010.
  • Emagic – (bought July 2002), music software and hardware company, best known for its music sequencer, Logic.
  • Embark – (bought August 2013), a startup company focused on developing transit information apps for user public transportation navigation in major US cities, founded by John Hering, David Hodge, Taylor Malloy, and Ian Leighton in 2011.
  • FingerWorks – (bought early 2005), a gesture recognition company, founded by John Elias and Wayne Westerman in 1998.
  • HopStop – (bought July 2013), an online transit guide with subway, bus directions, and maps, founded by Chinedu Echeruo in 2005.
  • Intrinsity – (bought April 2010), fabless semiconductor company, founded as EVSX in 1997 on the remnants of Exponential Technology, then renamed Intrinsity in 2000.
  • Lala – (bought December 2009), online music store company, founded by Bill Nguyen.
  • Locationary – (bought July 2013), a Canadian crowdsourced location data management company, founded by Grant Ritchie in 2009.
  • Matcha – (bought August 2013), a second screen TV/video startup, previously available as a media discovery iOS app (closed in May 2013), founded by Guy Piekarz, Ilan Ben Zeev, and Paul Petrick in September 2010.
  • NeXT – (bought December 1996), computer company, founded in 1985 by Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs after he was fired from Apple the same year. Current macOS, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS operating systems are largely built on its programming environment standard, OpenStep. Early versions of Mac OS X Server (codename Rhapsody) were OPENSTEP with a Mac-look and feel.
  • Nothing Real – (bought February 2002), a high-end digital effects software development company for the feature film, broadcast and interactive gaming industries, founded by Allen Edwards and Arnaud Hervas in October 1996.
  • P.A. Semi – (bought April 2008), a fabless semiconductor company founded by Daniel W. Dobberpuhl in 2003.
  • Particle – (bought September 2012), a HTML5 web app company, founded by Ericson de Jesus, Cole Rise, and Aubrey Anderson in 2008.
  • Passif Semiconductor – (bought August 2013), an Oakland, California based semiconductor company specializing in low energy wireless chips, founded by Ben Cook and Axel Berny in 2007.
  • PrimeSense – (bought November 2013), an Israeli fabless semiconductor company specializing in 3D sensing, founded by Aviad Maizels, Alexander Shpunt, Ophir Sharon, Tamir Berliner and Dima Rais in 2005.
  • Redmatica – (bought June 2012), an Italian music editing software company, known for Keymap Pro sampler software, founded by Andrea Gozzi in 2004.
  • Silicon Color – (bought October 2006), «FinalTouch» color correction software and non-linear video editing software development company, now known as Apple’s Final Cut Pro software.
  • Siri – (bought April 2010), an intelligent personal assistant and knowledge navigator software company, founded by Dag Kittlaus, Adam Cheyer, Tom Gruber, together with Norman Winarsky in 2007. Apple initially integrated the software into iOS, the later to the watchOS and tvOS platforms.
  • Spruce Technologies – (bought July 2001), a DVD authoring company, founded by Dr. Hiromu Soga in 1996.
  • Topsy – (bought December 2013), a US data analytics company, founded by Vipul Ved Prakash, Rishab Aiyer Ghosh, Gary Iwatani, Justin Foutts in 2007.
  • WiFiSlam – (bought March 2013), an indoor location services company, founded by former Stanford students Darin Tay, Joseph Huang, Jessica Tsoong and Dave Millman in 2011.^[5]

Design[edit]

• Design motifs – design elements intrinsic to Apple Inc. products.
• Apple Industrial Design Group (IDg) – the industrial design arm that crafts product design
• Typography of Apple Inc. – typography and typefacesused by Apple Inc. in its marketing and operating systems

Media[edit]

• Media events – special events where Apple Inc. announce the release of their products and services. Usually, this is done by Apple’s current CEO often featuring other executives, previously most notably Steve Jobs.
  • Stevenote – keynote addresses, usually held at the beginning of media events, where former CEO Steve Jobs would announce the release of new Apple products. Noted for his idiosyncratic style of presenting, and also for his «One More Thing…» surprise announcements at the end.
• Advertising – various Apple Inc. advertising techniques and campaigns.
  • 1984 (advertisement) – specific TV and print ad campaign, inferring how Mac computers will free users from tyrannies similar to those prophesied in the George Orwell novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. Launched the first Macintosh computer; the Macintosh 128K.
  • Think different – specific TV & print ad campaign, inferring how Macs do things differently (meaning better) to other computers used in the home and small to medium-sized businesses.
  • Get a Mac – TV ad campaign, humorously inferring the superior nature of a Mac vs. Windows PC.
  • iPod advertising – various iPod ad campaigns since its initial release in 2001.

[edit]

• Apple community – the many various online websites and offline groups where Apple Inc.’s products and services are discussed and analyzed, as well as future products rumored about.
• Apple Campus – the Cupertino, California-based set of buildings forming the basis of Apple Inc.’s main campus business headquarters, where most office staff are based. A new, mostly single building, called Apple Campus 2, opened in 2017.
• Apple Inc. litigation – various legal disputes the company has been involved in.
• Criticism of Apple Inc. – various criticisms leveled at Apple Inc.
• Mac transition to Intel processors – the process of Apple changing the CPU of Macintosh computers from PowerPC processors to Intel x86 processors, during 2006.
  • Apple–Intel architecture – the architecture of Intel-based Apple computers, using Intel x86 processors rather than the PowerPC and 68k processors used in their predecessors.
  • Universal binary – in Apple parlance, an executable file or application bundle that runs natively on either PowerPC or Intel-manufactured IA-32 or Intel 64-based Macs; it is an implementation of the concept more generally known as a fat binary.
    • Xslimmer – macOS utility application developed by LateNiteSoft, designed to tweak universal binaries applications by stripping the binary from either its PowerPC or Intel code (depending on the system architecture used), in order to save hard disk space.
  • Rosetta – a dynamic binary translator application for Mac OS X allowing many PowerPC apps to run on certain Intel-based Macs without modification. Released in 2006 for the transition from PowerPC to Intel processors on the Macintosh platform, but it was dropped in Lion so Snow Leopard is the last version of Mac OS X that is able to run PowerPC-only applications.
  • Mac 68K emulator – lower level program, similar in purpose to Rosetta, but instead used during the transition from 680×0 to PowerPC processors.
• Macintosh clone – a personal computer made by a manufacturer other than Apple, using (or compatible with) Macintosh firmware and system software.
  • Star Trek – code name of prototype project between Apple and Novell from February/March 1992 to 1993, which was to be a version of the classic Mac OS running as a GUI on Intel-compatible x86 PCs on top of Novell’s next in-development version of OS, DR DOS.
  • OSx86/Hackintosh – (from OS X and x86) is a collaborative hacking project to run OS X on non-Apple PCs with x86 architecture and x86-64 compatible processors. Computers built to run this type of OS X are often known as a Hackintosh or Hackbook (respectively, portmanteaus of words «hack» with «Macintosh» or «notebook computers»).

Miscellaneous[edit]

• After finishing college, Apple’s SVP of Industrial Design and Human Interface, Jony Ive, co-founded a London design agency, Tangerine.^[6] After leaving Apple, he and colleague Marc Newson started new agency, LoveFrom.^[7][8]

See also[edit]

• Outline of iOS
• Microsoft
• Pixar

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Apple Inc. – official site

Published May 13, 2020 | Author: PenMyPaper

Key Points

• Apple follows a well-defined vertical hierarchical structure.
• This structure allows the higher management to have tight control over every operational activity.
• The company has further segregated its business based on its sources of revenue and geographic regions.

The organizational structure of Apple has undergone a drastic change in the year 1997, when Steve Jobs returned to his position as the CEO. Previously, the company followed a very conventional structure, where the company was divided into its business units and each one of those business units had their own financial responsibilities. However, following the return of Steve Jobs, the company, under his supervision, was restructured to have the entire company under one financial umbrella and combined the disparate departments of the various business units under one functional organization that aligns expertise with decision rights. This structure is retained till today.In this article, our paper writer will explore the organizational structure of Apple in depth.

Organizational Structure of Apple

The organizational structure of Apple is a combination of hierarchical and functional structures. This has enabled the higher management to have complete and close control over every activity within the firm.

The Hierarchical Structure

Also read about the Apple Competitors in case you are trying to gain a better understanding of the competitive landscape and technological dynamics within the industry.

The Functional Structure

The functional structure of Apple segregates the company based on its sources of revenue, which are its products and services. According to the annual report of the company has been segregated into the following segments:

• iPhone
• Mac
• iPad
• Wearables, Home and Accessories
• Services

The iPhone segment includes the smartphones running on their proprietary iOS operating system. The Mac includes all the Macintosh computers, including the laptops and desktops and mini computers. The iPad section includes the tablet computers such as the iPad, iPad Air, iPad Pro, etc., running on iPad OS. The wearables, home and accessories, includes the Apple Watch, Homepod, Apple TV, and other accessories. Finally, the services section includes the subscription-based services, such as Apple Music, Apple TV+, Apple Arcade, etc.

Even though the functional segmentation has segregated the business based on different product categories, these products are closely linked together to provide the users with a unified experience. Each of these above-mentioned segments work closely together to offer the customers a wholesome experience of using multiple Apple products together.

It should be noted that each of these product categories are not overseen by individual vice presidents. Instead, the vice presidents of different departments oversee various product categories. To put it simply, the senior vice president of software engineering, Craig Federighi looks after the software development of all Apple products. Likewise, the SVP of hardware engineering, John Ternus looks after the hardware development of all product categories.

You may also like to go through the Apple vision statement.

Geographic Segmentation

Apple is a globally operational company, which sells its products in multiple regions. In order to have better control and vision over its international business ventures, the company has decided to segregate the operations based on different geographic regions. These segments are:

• Americas
• Europe
• Greater China
• Japan
• Rest of Asia Pacific

Americas has by far recorded the highest sales volume, followed by Europe and Greater China.

Check out our comprehensive article on Apple’s Competitive Advantages to delve deeper into the core strengths that have propelled the company to its iconic status in the tech world.

Apple Leadership Structure

The hierarchical and functional structure of Apple is clearly reflected in the current leadership structure.

The Tim Cook reports to the Chairman of the Board, Arthur D. Levinson. Cook is reported by the Chief Operating Officer, who in turn is reported by different vice presidents overlooking various functional departments. A detailed structure of Apple’s leadership is shown in the figure below.

Hopefully, this article has given you a better understanding of the apple organizational structure. In case you are struggling with any of your project, you have the option to buy essay online. PenMyPaper is your go-to destination for academic help that guarantees impeccable quality and timely delivery.