Руководство по эксплуатации piranha

Humminbird
Piranha 1 Инструкция по эксплуатации

• Page 1
  Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual — English — Version 5.5C RTI article number: 9629050-10…
• Page 2
  Welcome to Piranha and the QABrowser The Piranha is an X-ray Analyser/Multimeter for everybody working with Quality Assurance and Service of X-ray systems.
• Page 3
  Notice NOTICE RTI Electronics AB reserves all rights to make changes in the Piranha, the QABrowser, and the information in this document without prior notice. RTI Electronics AB assumes no responsibility for any errors or consequential damages that may result from the use or misinterpretation of any information contained in this document.

• Page 4: Intended Use

  Intended Use Intended Use of the Piranha System Accessory to diagnostic X-ray equipment to be used as an electrometer. Together with external probes it is to be used for independent service and quality control, as well as measurements of kerma, kerma rate, kVp, tube current, exposure time, luminance, and illuminance within limitations stated below.

• Page 5: Table Of Contents

  ………………… 6 Palm OS Computer Requirements ………………… 6 Description of the Piranha ………………..9 Indicators and Connectors ………………… 9 Setting Up the Piranha for the First Time ………………… 12 Setting Up the Piranha ………………… 12 Hardware and Specifications ………………… 13 2.4.1 Piranha internal detector (Internal detector) ………………….13…

• Page 6
  Measurements with the Piranha System Introduction ………………… 88 Radiography ………………… 89 5.2.1 kVp, Time, Dose, and Dose Rate ………………….91 5.2.2 Dose Measurements with Piranha Dose Probe ………………….94 5.2.3 HVL Application ………………….95 5.2.3.1 Introduction 2 ………………….96 5.2.3.2 kVp, Time, Dose, and Dose Rate 2 ………………….97…

• Page 7: Contents

  General ………………….113 5.5.2 Setting Up the Piranha for Mammography ………………….114 5.5.3 kVp, Time, and Dose Measurements with the Internal detector ………………….115 5.5.4 Dose Measurements with the Piranha Dose Probe ………………….117 5.5.5 HVL Application ………………….118 5.5.6 Quick-HVL ………………….119 5.5.7 Mammo Compensations and Corrections ………………….119…

• Page 8
  Chapter 1 Introduction…

• Page 9: Introduction

  This manual gives a short introduction to handheld computers and enough of information to get started and use it with the Piranha. However, it is advised (if you are going to use a handheld computer) to study the manual that is included with your handheld computer to get familiar with its capabilities.

• Page 10: Pc Requirements

  RTI Electronics Web site at http://www.rti.se. If you have questions, comments, or feel that some functionality is missing, you are welcome to contact us at RTI Electronics at sales@rti.se. You can of course also call or send a fax (see notice section for details).

• Page 11
  1. Introduction Palm OS Computer Requirements RTI Handheld Display or Palm Tungsten E2/TX Bluetooth wireless. 2014-06/5.5C Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…
• Page 12
  Chapter 2 Description of the Piranha…

• Page 13: Description Of The Piranha

  Indicators and Connectors Description of the Piranha Indicators and Connectors The Piranha comes in a lot of different models, the external design is basically the same for all models (except for the External Probe port). Edge: External Probe port (on…

• Page 14
  External Probe port and Opening for filter position viewing Here you attach the external probes that come with some models of the Piranha. The port is marked EXT. Not all models have this port. Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…
• Page 15
  Piranha to a holder. Attachment for Safety strap The Power switch is used to turn the Piranha on and off. Piranha has several ways of saving power when it is inactive, but must be powered off manually since there is no auto-power off function.

• Page 16: Setting Up The Piranha For The First Time

  2. Place the Piranha under the tube or mount the holder and HVL stand for positioning of the Piranha in the X-ray field. The stand allows you to position the Piranha (or the external Dose Probe) and HVL filters in any angle including upside-down. Use the light-field or other help to position the Piranha in the X-ray field.

• Page 17: Hardware And Specifications

  Dose and time values will be given for even shorter exposure times. The estimations of total filtration and Quick-HVL are done from one single exposure using a combination of detector and filters in the Piranha. In situations when the total filtration cannot be automatically estimated, a «standard» HVL measurement may be required.

• Page 18: Specifications, Piranha

  5 h (300 min) 8½ h 32 h Note that other mains power solutions that uses a regular USB cable to connect to the Piranha, will behave like USB in the table. Communication Max 12 Mbit/s (USB v1.1) Bluetooth 115 kbit/s 2.4.1.3…

• Page 19
  2. Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Reference conditions +18 °C to +23 °C Temperature Relative humidity 50 % 101.3 kPa Air pressure Inside the Piranha top panel. X-ray field size Calibration is done with field size typically 5 mm less than the size of the top panel.
• Page 20
  2. Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Parameters The average of all samples with compensation for the ripple Tube voltage (kVp) (default method) Irradiation time (Exposure time) Time Measured air kerma (may be called dose or air kerma in this…
• Page 21
  Note 2: All kerma and kerma rate ranges, inaccuracy, and resolution figures are valid for product version 2 and higher of the Piranha. Note 3: The Kerma rate is calculated as the Kerma (Dose) divided by the Irradiation time. See…
• Page 22
  2. Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Parameter Range Inaccuracy Resolution Quick-HVL Mo / 30 µm Mo 0.19 – 0.47 mm Al ±10 % 3 digits Mo / 25 µm Rh 0.31 – 0.52 mm Al (0.001 mm) Rh / 25 µm Rh 0.33 –…
• Page 23
  2. Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Computed Tomography Parameter Range Inaccuracy Resolution kVp (standard) W / 3.0 mm Al 45 – 160 kV ±1.5 % 4 digits (10 or 100 V) W / 3 mm Al + 1.2 mm Ti 75 –…
• Page 24
  1 – 65535 pulses, resolution 1 pulse Note 1: Max dose/pulse depends on the pulse length. Note 2: All kerma and kerma rate ranges, inaccuracy, and resolution figures are valid for product version 2 and higher of the Piranha. Waveform recording time 1024 ms (2 kSa/s)

• Page 25: Typical Response, Piranha

  2. Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications 2.4.1.4 Typical Response, Piranha The table below shows the typical response for the Piranha at standardised radiation qualities. Radiography, Fluoroscopy, and Dental (measured using RTI RQ Code R1, W/Al) Radiation quality Air kerma measurement…

• Page 26
  2. Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Mammography, Mo / 30 µm Mo and 30 µm Mo + 2 mm Al (measured using RTI RQ Code M1) Radiation quality Air kerma measurement Mean energy ISO 4037 Factor kQ air kerma (keV)
• Page 27
  2. Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Mammography, Rh / 25 µm Rh (measured using RTI RQ Code M4) Radiation quality Air kerma measurement Mean energy ISO 4037 Factor kQ air kerma (keV) HVL (mm Al) IEC 61267 (Rel. RRV28)

• Page 28: Angular Sensitivity, Piranha

  There are two different graphs, depending on the product version of your Piranha. The product version is the version number you can find on the label on the bottom of the Piranha. If the version of your Piranha is 1.X, use the graphs marked v1. For 2.X and higher use graphs marked v2.

• Page 29
  2. Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications 2014-06/5.5C Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…

• Page 30: Piranha External Probes

  Waveforms and Triggers Note 2: The standard calibration for the Piranha External Dose Probe is W/23 mm Al. This calibration was chosen since the main use of the detector is to measure the dose to the image intensifier, after the phantom. However, you can just as well use this probe for measurements of skin dose.

• Page 31
  Please also note that in QABrowser, the waveforms are limited to between 0.32 and 4 seconds. The table below shows the typical response for the Piranha External Dose Probe at standardised radiation qualities. Radiation quality…
• Page 32
  ±1 pulse 0.5 ms Note 1: When the Piranha internal detector is used simultaneously, the default mode of operation is to use the internal detector for time measurement. Note 2: The tube current is calculated as the tube charge divided by the time. See also…

• Page 33: Standards And Compliances

  Equipment (WEEE) places an obligation on manufacturers, distributors, and retailers to take back electronics products at the end of their useful life. The WEEE directive covers all RTI products being sold into the European Union (EU) as of August 13, 2005. Manufacturers, distributors, and retailers are obliged to finance the cost of recovery from municipal collection points, reuse, and recycling of specified percentages per the WEEE requirements.

• Page 34: Manufacturer’s Declaration Of Conformity

  2. Description of the Piranha Standards and Compliances 2.5.2 Manufacturer’s Declaration of Conformity Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…

• Page 35: Intended Use

  2. Description of the Piranha Standards and Compliances 2.5.3 Intended Use 2014-06/5.5C Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…

• Page 36: Fcc Certification

  1. First download the latest version of the RTI Updater Setup from RTI Electronics Web site. 2. Unzip the file and run the file «RTI Updater Setup.exe» to install it on your PC. In the end of the installation process you will get the question if you want to run that updater immediately.

• Page 37
  2. Description of the Piranha Maintenance 5. The RTI Updater starts and locates the Piranha automatically if it is connected to an USB port. 6. If the Piranha is found, the window in the figure above is shown. The different modules are checked and after a while the start button is enabled.
• Page 38
  2. Description of the Piranha Maintenance If you have any problem with your Piranha after updating, re-install the firmware again before contacting your local distributor or RTI Electronics. To re-install firmware repeat step 1 to 9 above, but before performing step #6 go to the menu Settings and select Always Overwrite.

• Page 39: Managing Detector Calibrations

  RTI Detector Manager is a special Windows software that gives an overview of all calibrations for the detectors and probes in your system. You will find the RTI Detector Manager on your Product CD, in the folder SoftwareRTI Detector Manager.,Start the file RTI Detector Manager.exe by double-clicking it.

• Page 40
  Chapter 3 Description of the QABrowser…

• Page 41: Description Of The Qabrowser

  The text in this section assumes that you purchased your Handheld Display either directly from RTI or a RTI dealer, which means that QABrowser is already installed and configured on the Handheld Display. If you have purchased your handheld on your own, then you first need to install the QABrowser to the handheld.

• Page 42: Real-Time Display And Waveforms

  Real-time Display and Waveforms This section will show how to make a measurement with the Piranha and the QABrowser. It is illustrated with an example using a radiographic X-ray unit. The operation of the QABrowser has a general structure and the described procedures applies also to other modalities.

• Page 43
  4. The Real-Time Display (RTD) is now shown and you are ready to measure, see figure below. The Piranha is set to the most suitable settings for the selected type of measurement, in this case radiography. The selected kV-range is 45-125 and the radiation quality is W/3mm Al (reference radiation quality).
• Page 44
  «R1[4] 45-125». When you make the first exposure, the Piranha will evaluate what kind of waveform it is (DC/HF, 3-phase/12p, 3- phase/6p, or 1-phase) and the total filtration. This is done for all measurement types but Piranha &…
• Page 45
  3. Description of the QABrowser Real-time Display and Waveforms mammography. Default values are «DC/HF» and 3.0 mm Al. 8. Make an exposure. Every time the Piranha recognizes an exposure the RTI logo is superimposed on screen for a short while.

• Page 46: Waveforms — Acquiring And Viewing

  (kVp) with the Internal detector dose rate with the Internal detector dose rate with the external Dose Probe (available for specific Piranha models). tube current (mA) with the external Dose Probe (available for specific Piranha models). In Continuous update mode you also have the possibility to restart the waveform collection during the measurement.

• Page 47: Measurement Settings

  Piranha is still capturing the waveform. Then you can go back to the RTD and tap Wave again, when the waveform recording time has passed, to get the full waveform.
• Page 48
  Piranha: General settings for the Piranha. Internal detector detector: Specific settings for the Internal detector detector. If your model of Piranha has an external probe that is attached it will also show here. Piranha Shows general settings for the Piranha. You can find…

• Page 49: Settings — Conditions

  Conditions — TF and Waveform These are parameters of the X-ray generator which influence the measurements. The Piranha can measure these, or you can set them yourself. Total Filtr. Shows actual total filtration value. Estimate means that a new estimation will be performed at next exposure and the values will be displayed on screen.

• Page 50
  (e.g. ion chamber) is too slow for the Piranha electrometer to detect the pulses. A solid-state detector, like the Piranha Dose Probe, is however fast enough to detect the frequency even for very low-level signals.
• Page 51
  The compression paddle will however normally affect the Piranha kV and dose reading. With this check box, all the measured values (kV, dose and HVL) will be corrected according to what the user has selected. The default setting the first time you start the software is without the compression paddle in the field.

• Page 52: Settings — Piranha

  Settings — Piranha Here general measurement settings for the Piranha are shown. The post delay time defines how long time the Piranha shall wait Post Delay and «look for more» after detecting what can be considered to be «the end of the exposure». Default value is 250 ms. The post-delay is necessary when measuring on units with some kind of pre-pulse or for pulsed exposures.

• Page 53
  PEAK The end time is the last time the signal goes below TL×S PEAK See example below. This setting defines when Piranha shall send measured Update values to the QABrowser. Four different alternatives are available: After exp., the QABrowser receives a new value when the exposure terminates.

• Page 54: Settings — Internal Detector

  The reason for this is that the Piranha needs the waveform from start to be able to accurately calculate the irradiation time.

• Page 55
  The sensitivity can be set to: Low and High. Default value is set according to type of measurement selected. The delay time defines how long time the Piranha shall wait before Delay starting to measure kVp after that radiation has been detected.

• Page 56: Settings — Other Detectors

  The first example shows how the accuracy of kVp can be tested using the built-in application Accuracy. The second example shows a multi-parameter Accuracy application. Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…

• Page 57: The Accuracy Application (Single-Parameter)

  The set values (for kVp) are stored in a Set-value list. You can modify the list or individual values. To modify an individual set value tap with the pen on it. In this case tap 60. 2014-06/5.5C Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…

• Page 58
  You can always tap a previous row and redo that exposure. Number of exposures and maximum inaccuracy is shown at the lower part of the screen. Tap Graph to show result in a graph. Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…

• Page 59: The Accuracy Application (Multi-Parameter)

  2. Available applications for Radiography/All are shown. Choose Accuracy by tapping it with the pen. You can also use the scroll button to highlight Accuracy and then press the button that corresponds to Select (the right-most button). 2014-06/5.5C Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…

• Page 60
  You can now change/delete/insert values in the set value list for current application. Use the graffiti area to enter new values. Tap OK to save changes or Cancel to return to the application without changing the list. Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…

• Page 61: Data Logging

  Prepare the data log by first entering some basic information about the measurement. Open the pull-down menu and select Setup or go to the Start Screen and tap Setup. From the Setup menu select Log. 2014-06/5.5C Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…

• Page 62
  Note that when measuring in an Application, the data will not be stored in the log file until you exit the Application. That means that even if you start the log after you have begun measuring you will still get all the application measurements in the log file. Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…

• Page 63: Favourites

  You may give the Favourite a title or use the one suggested by the QABrowser. If you instead select Start Here!, a special Favourite will be created, that gets you right back to this test, the next time you start the QABrowser. 2014-06/5.5C Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…

• Page 64: Getting Started With Favourites

  You then selects one of the favourites from the list depending on what they intend to measure with the Piranha. For the next measurement You may select another favourite from the list. If you have any favourites saved, the QABrowser will always start with the Favourites screen.

• Page 65
  The saved favourites can be found in the menu field, tap Options and then Favourites..To start the favourite that you are interested of, you have to mark the favourite and then tap Select, in the bottom right corner. 2014-06/5.5C Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…
• Page 66
  Palm, the next time you run the HotSync function. See picture below. This PDB file containing favourites can easily be shared between different users. If you have more than one Palm account on your PC, then it is important to choose the Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…

• Page 67: Start Here

  Actually, Start Here! is a special case of the Favourites, as described above, and can thus be found there. QABrowser Setup The Piranha Setup is used to define different parameters that control the function of the QABrowser and Piranha. Open the QABrowser main menu and select Setup.

• Page 68: Regulations Setup

  Tap the unit you want to change and tap the desired unit in the list that pops up. When measuring in the RTD you can temporarily change a unit by tapping the unit text with the stylus. Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…

• Page 69: Log Setup

  Lock unit prefixes means that the prefix of a unit is fixed and not auto-ranging. Analyse waveform means that the Piranha automatically analyses and determines the type of waveform. Indicate trig lets you select how a trig event will be presented to you. Can be all combinations of sound and graphics.

• Page 70: Detector Information

  The detector information screen lists all detectors available for the system. For each module you can see the available detectors and probes. 3.7.6 System Info System Info is used to get information about the Piranha system. Serial Number The serial number for the system.

• Page 71: Battery & Power Status

  3. Description of the QABrowser Battery & Power Status Battery & Power Status The battery status for the Piranha and handheld are displayed together on a informative display, as shown below. You access this screen on the menu (tap the icon) by selecting Info — Power Status.

• Page 72: Indicators And Symbols

  Here are measurement information and settings for the Piranha and its detectors found. This menu is accessed when you need to override the default settings of the Piranha that are set by the QABrowser. See topic Settings for more information.

• Page 73
  This symbol indicates that one or more measured value is not displayed with maximum accuracy. This indicator is for example shown when the Piranha is unable to apply a correction/compensation to a measured value. Tap the symbol to get a detailed description of the problem.

• Page 74: Installation Of Palm Os Handheld Computers

  #4 below can be ignored. Perform step #6 and answer «Yes». 3. Attach the HotSync cable. 4. Go to Start | RTI Electronics | QABrowser Updater | QAB Updater to start the QABrowser Updater. 5. The QABrowser Updater starts.

• Page 75
  The update/installation of the QABrowser is now completed. Note that when you have updated you QABrowser, you may get an Attention message like one of these. Then you must also update your Piranha firmware, see Updating the Firmware more information.

• Page 76: Uninstalling The Qabrowser

  Application Launcher. Removing the QABrowser Updater from your PC This is accomplished by using the Windows Control Panel «Add and Remove Programs» or by choosing Start | RTI Electronics | QABrowser Updater | Uninstall QAB Updater. Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…

• Page 77
  Chapter 4 Measurement Principles & Theory…

• Page 78: Measurement Principles & Theory

  (ms) (ms) – Radiography Cine/Pulsed exposure 1000 – Fluoroscopy Pulsed Fluoroscopy 1000 – Mammography 1500 – – Dental Panoramic Dental (OPG) – Light Abbreviations: AE=After Exposure, T=Timed, C=Continuous, FR=Free run, WF=Waveform recording time Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…

• Page 79: Update Modes

  Post Delay under Settings | Piranha. Reset time is one second. Continuous, the Piranha is continuously sending data as long as radiation is detected.

• Page 80: Using Timed Update Mode

  Reset time is the time it takes to perform a reset each time you hit Reset. Sample time is the time between individual data point of the waveform. Waveform recording time is the range of user selectable recording times the Piranha allows.

• Page 81: Using Free Run Update Mode

  The function uses a moving average algorithm where the number of seconds is selected by the user. During the reset process the user must make sure that the detector is not exposed to 2014-06/5.5C Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…

• Page 82: Display Messages And Active Messages

  In the same way it will take X seconds for the Piranha to show a zero value after the radiation has ended. Great care must be taken into choosing a time constant fitted to the nature of the signal.

• Page 83
  Display Messages and Active Messages High signal One or several detectors have too high signal. Low signal The Piranha detects a signal but it is too low to present a reliable result. High kVp Measured tube voltage is higher than that of the selected kV-range.

• Page 84: Display Messages

  Measured tube voltage is higher than that of the selected kV-range. Change to a higher kV-range. Low kVp Measured tube voltage is lower than that of the selected kV- range. Change to a lower kV-range. Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…

• Page 85
  4. Measurement Principles & Theory Display Messages and Active Messages Low Signal The Piranha detects a signal but it is too low to present a reliable result. Increase the mA and/or decrease the distance from X-ray tube to detector or change the sensitivity for the dose parameter to High sensitivity or even Very High sensitivity.

• Page 86: Waveforms And Triggers

  This means that for long measurements you may see a change in the rate value (dose rate, etc) when the measurement is finished, if the signal level was changed during the measurement. Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…

• Page 87: Measurement Principle For The Piranha

  The design of the detector package is very important to be able to measure kV and dose correctly in the whole range of 20 to 155 kV. The Piranha design makes it possible to measure small field sizes, less than 3 mm width, and low output levels down to approximately 1 µGy/s. Basically the detector…

• Page 88
  80 kV. The Piranha is also calibrated for the total filtration at this kV. Use a high signal level, i.e. 200 mA during 200 ms to get a stable result. It does not matter if you intend to do measurements at a higher or lower kV than this, this measurement aim to get a correct value of the total filtration.

• Page 89: Linearity

  1. Place the detector on the table-top. If patient-equivalent phantom should be used it is recommend to use the Piranha HVL stand to simplify the set up. Use 2 pieces of 10 mm Al filter as «patient -equivalent» filter in the beam.

• Page 90: Reproducibility

  8. Calculate the square of the variance, i.e. the standard deviation, and divide it by the mean value of the n measurements An acceptable value for the coefficient of variation is less than 0.05. Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…

• Page 91
  Chapter 5 Measurements with the Piranha System…

• Page 92: Measurements With The Piranha System

  5. Measurements with the Piranha System Introduction Measurements with the Piranha System Introduction The Piranha system can, depending on model, measure up to eight parameters simultaneously plus three waveforms from a single exposure: Dose and dose rate Exposure time Estimated total filtration and determined waveform type…

• Page 93: Radiography

  Setting Up the Piranha Measuring the kVp on a radiographic units is straightforward since the Piranha can automatically detect and compensate for variation in the radiation quality. It is also easy to check that the detector area is fully and uniformly irradiated. Practically this means that the kVp value can be measured in the range 1.0 to 50 mm of total filtration.

• Page 94
  5. Measurements with the Piranha System Radiography If any of the displayed values are not possible to compensate or cannot be measured with full accuracy the symbol is displayed at the top of screen. When the symbol is shown you can tap it, to get more information.

• Page 95: Kvp, Time, Dose, And Dose Rate

  5.2.1 kVp, Time, Dose, and Dose Rate To measure on radiographic units: 1. Set up the Piranha and the handheld computer according to the description in Setting Up the Piranha 2. Place the detector on the table at the distance that is clinically relevant.
• Page 96
  7. Make an exposure. The RTI logo flashes to indicate that the Piranha has detected the exposure. The Piranha now first analyses the beam and displays the type of waveform. This is done once for every test. Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…
• Page 97
  5. Measurements with the Piranha System Radiography Then the estimated total filtration is displayed (estimated in the range of 50 — 150 kV). Depending of the selection of display parameter different display screens may be presented. 8. Tap Wave to study the waveforms.

• Page 98: Dose Measurements With Piranha Dose Probe

  5. Measurements with the Piranha System Radiography 5.2.2 Dose Measurements with Piranha Dose Probe 1. Place the Piranha Dose Probe in the field and connect the cable to the Piranha input. 2. Set up the Piranha and the handheld computer according to the description in Setting Up the Piranha 3.

• Page 99: Hvl Application

  HVL & Total Filtration Using the Piranha and the built-in HVL application correct HVL value and total filtration value can be measured and calculated. Set up the system the same way as…

• Page 100: Introduction 2

  It is recommended to use the built-in HVL application (or Ocean) to evaluate HVL. 5.2.3.1 Introduction 2 The Piranha system can, depending on model, measure up to eight parameters simultaneously plus three waveforms from a single exposure: Dose and dose rate…

• Page 101: Kvp, Time, Dose, And Dose Rate 2

  5.2.3.2 kVp, Time, Dose, and Dose Rate 2 To measure on radiographic units: 1. Set up the Piranha and the handheld computer according to the description in Setting Up the Piranha 2. Place the detector on the table at the distance that is clinically relevant.

• Page 102
  Piranha has detected the exposure. The Piranha now first analyses the beam and displays the type of waveform. This is done once for every test. Then the estimated total filtration is displayed (estimated in the range of 50 — 150 kV).

• Page 103: Quick-Hvl And Total Filtration

  The following examples very clearly shows the excellent independence of the beam filtration for kV and dose readings. Three exposures were made with 3 mm Al, 6 mm Al, and 12 mm Al. The Piranha was used to measure kVp, exposure time, dose, and dose rate. The pictures are stored when the QABrowser shows estimated total filtration.

• Page 104
  HVL are shown as supplementary information. The HVL is calculated to be 6.42 mm Al. The set kV was changed and the Piranha measured 102.6 kV. The HVL is calculated at 5.70 mm for this kV. The set kV is changed again and a third exposure is made.

• Page 105: Cine/Pulsed Radiography

  Piranha. Please consult the next section of the manual if this is the case. For under-table cine measurement turn the Piranha upside-down. An optional detector rod is available that can be used to put the detector in position on the image intensifier without risk for hazardous X-ray exposure when monitoring.

• Page 106: Kvp, Time, Dose, And Dose Rate

  5. Measurements with the Piranha System Cine/Pulsed Radiography 5.3.1 kVp, Time, Dose, and Dose Rate Use the same procedure as for the normal radiography measurement but select the All… parameter. If only Tube voltage is selected: 5.3.2 Pulse Measurements with Piranha Dose Probe Use the same procedure as for the normal radiography measurement.

• Page 107: Hvl, Quick-Hvl, And Total Filtration

  X-ray. The Position Check should be used to confirm the position of the Piranha. When you select fluoroscopy or pulsed fluoroscopy (as type of measurement) the Piranha system automatically changes to continuously updating the display and using the highest possible sensitivity.

• Page 108: Image Intensifier Input Dose Rate

  Use patient equivalent phantom to measure the image intensifier input dose rate according to manufacturer’s specification: 1. Connect the Piranha Dose Probe to the Piranha. 2. Set up the Piranha and the handheld computer according to the description in Setting Up the Piranha 3.

• Page 109
  5. The Select Detector screen is now displayed. Select External. 6. Tap Select. 7. Place the Piranha Dose Probe in front of the image intensifier but outside the measuring field for the mA feedback loop. You may use the optional detector rod that can be attached to Piranha Dose Probe to position the detector without risk for hazardous X-ray exposure.

• Page 110: Kvp And Dose Rate

  5. Measurements with the Piranha System Fluoroscopy and Pulsed Fluoroscopy 9. Start the fluoroscopy. A little triangle is displayed, indicating that the Piranha has detected the radiation. 10. The figure to the left shows the real-time display during fluoroscopy. The image…
• Page 111
  Piranha, even on this extremely low level, still makes corrections for the beam filtration. The Piranha can measure both kV and dose rate at very low levels for instance on Mini C-arm systems. Piranha can (as an example) successfully measure the tube voltage as low as 43 kV with a 25 µA tube current.

• Page 112: Hvl, Total Filtration, And Quick-Hvl

  Total Filtration and Quick-HVL The total filtration is measured continuously when the Piranha is used under fluoroscopy. The following pictures illustrates this excellent feature for the Piranha and the Internal detector (shown for Barracuda MPD): The fluoro is started and the total filtration is estimated and automatically displayed during two seconds.

• Page 113
  Fluoroscopy and Pulsed Fluoroscopy The displays with measured values are continuously updated every four seconds. Add 10 mm of aluminum. The Piranha will «notice» that the filtration is changed and shows a new total filtration value. The dose rate is now much lower. The added filtration does not affect measured kVp at all.

• Page 114: Pulsed Fluoroscopy

  Select type of measurement in similar way as for normal continuously fluoroscopy to setup the system. Piranha is set-up for this application to calculate the number of pulses per second (Hz or pps), the dose/pulse, and pulse dose rate. The picture below explain the difference between the pulse dose rate and the traditional dose rate.

• Page 115
  5. Measurements with the Piranha System Fluoroscopy and Pulsed Fluoroscopy The following pictures illustrates how the Piranha system is used this type of measurement. These pictures describes the check of the output levels in pulse fluoroscopy mode (showing Barracuda MPD).
• Page 116
  5. Measurements with the Piranha System Fluoroscopy and Pulsed Fluoroscopy using the Piranha Dose Probe. Hints: Pulsed fluoro screen is very handy to use for several applications and is not restricted to only measure pulsed fluoro. It has application when measuring in Cine mode with heavy filtered beam that make the signal too low to use the Cine mode or when the dose rate is extremely low.

• Page 117: Mammography

  Position Check. The mammography kV calibrations available for the Piranha is ranging from 18 to 49 kV. To confirm which range is used the digit 1 or 2 is displayed in square brackets on the bottom left corner of the QABrowser screen, as shown below.

• Page 118: Setting Up The Piranha For Mammography

  Piranha is repositioned. The kV and radiation waveform is always stored together with the RTD values and can be displayed by tapping the Wave button. The kVp calibration for Piranha is made without the compression paddle in place.

• Page 119: Kvp, Time, And Dose Measurements With The Internal Detector

  2. Make sure that the image receptor is positioned at a clinically relevant distance (typically 600 mm). 3. You should place the Piranha flat on the image receptor with its long axis parallel to the chest wall making sure the centre of the detector surface is placed in the centre of the light field, as shown in the pictures above (40 mm distance shown).

• Page 120
  3. Make a Position Check, as shown above. It is recommended to make the check at 28 kV. After the check the Piranha automatically changes back to the previously selected kV range. 4. Set kVp and mAs (or mA/time) to the desired values.

• Page 121: Dose Measurements With The Piranha Dose Probe

  5. Measurements with the Piranha System Mammography 5. Make an exposure. The RTI logo flashes to indicate that the Piranha has detected the exposure. 6. Read the values in the RTD. 7. Repeat measurement for other generator set values. There are some mammographic units that are bit peculiar when it comes to kV measurements, for instance The Hologic Selenia and IMS Giotto.

• Page 122: Hvl Application

  8. Repeat the measurement for other generator settings. To get a good HVL value, using the Piranha Dose Probe, you must correct it according to the tables in the Piranha Dose Probe DETECTOR DATA manual. It is often more convenient to measure HVL with the Piranha using the built-in HVL application.

• Page 123: Quick-Hvl

  Quick-HVL Quick-HVL The Piranha is able to measure HVL for mammography in one shot. Quick-HVL is available for measurements with or without compression paddle. If the parameter «All w. HVL» is chosen, the QABrowser will display quick-HVL values for every measurement.

• Page 124: Corrections For The Compression Paddle

  5.5.7.1 Corrections for the Compression Paddle The Piranha is well collimated above its small detector area, and will measure the same whether the compression paddle is placed directly on top of the Piranha or high above. This is NOT true for an ion chamber.

• Page 125
  (at 605 mm SDD). A practical consequence of usage of the normalizing function and scatter factor is that the Piranha can be kept at the same position on the breast support all the time when data is collected for AGD.

• Page 126: Beam Correction Factor

  Piranha is placed flat on the breast support. (This assuming that the focal point is situated at the chest wall, which normally is the case.) You can find the product version on the label on the back side of your Piranha. Distance from…

• Page 127: Average Glandular Dose, Agd (Mgd)

  On the other hand, the HVL measurement should be done without any scatter contribution and with good geometry. The Piranha is well collimated above its small detector area. Due to this fact it registers a narrower angle of the X-ray field and thus much less scattered radiation compared to an ion chamber.

• Page 128: Mammographic Pre-Pulses

  1 s and the waveform recording time to a corresponding time. It is important to cover both signals. In this measurement setup, the Piranha will add the dose from both pulses. This is OK if the radiation quality is not changed between the signals.

• Page 129: Dental And Panoramic Dental

  This topic will describe how to measure kVp, dose, and time for a Dental and Panoramic Dental X-ray units using the Piranha only. Set up the Piranha and the handheld computer according to the description in Setting Up the Piranha .

• Page 130
  The challenges instead arise for the mechanical setup needed to position the detector in right position. The small and narrow field is only a few millimetres. The Piranha detector has very narrow detector area and is very thin and a special holder (optional) can be used to position the Piranha without any problem.
• Page 131
  The Piranha has addressed these challenges. Since the panoramic scan has an exposure time of about 10 to 20 seconds, the Piranha is set up to continuously update the display during the scan. It is preferable to select a single parameter display and angle the Palm holder, making it easy to read the values during the scan, from a distance.

• Page 132: Kvp, Time, Dose, And Dose Rate

  Use the same procedure as for the normal radiography measurement but select Dental instead of radiography and select Tube voltage as parameter. A 200 ms delay is default. 1. Set up the Piranha and the handheld computer according to the description in Setting Up the Piranha .

• Page 133
  3. It is recommended to make a check measurement to confirm that the detector area is uniformed radiated. Select a exposure time of at least 400 ms. The Piranha automatically changes back to the previous selected kV-filter after the check exposure.

• Page 134: Waveforms

  5. Measurements with the Piranha System Dental and Panoramic Dental The Piranha now first analyses the beam and displays the type of waveform. This is done once. Then the estimated total filtration is displayed. Read the measured values from the display.

• Page 135: Panoramic Systems

  Use the same procedure as for the normal dental measurement but select Panoramic Dental instead of radiographic and select Tube Voltage as parameter. A 200 ms delay is default. 1. Set up the Piranha and the handheld computer according to the description in Setting Up the Piranha .

• Page 136
  When the system passes the test, you can trust the kV reading. 7. The Piranha changes automatically back to the previous selected kV range after the Position Check. As default this is range 55 — 105 kV, R2[4] as indicated on the QABrowser screen.

• Page 137: Hvl, Total Filtration, And Quick-Hvl

  9. Select kV, mA, and scan time. 10. Start the scan. A little triangle in the RTD indicates that the Piranha detects the radiation. It is not needed to use the whole scan for the purpose of measure the kV since the display is continuously updated.

• Page 138: Ct Kvp

  Another problem is to «find» the beam, especially when using a small slice width. All these problems are minimized when using the Piranha since it can «move with the table» through the beam while the tube is in the top position. This is can easily be obtained by measuring while a topogram (scout/pilot image) is taken.

• Page 139
  5. Measurements with the Piranha System 3. Start the QABrowser and select CT from the Select type of measurement menu. 4. Select Tube voltage. 5. The real-time display for tube voltage is now shown. At the bottom of the screen you can select kV range and calibration.

• Page 140: Parameters For Ct Scanner Models

  If the Piranha is positioned in a correct way, the position is accepted and the real-time display is shown again. If not check the position of the Piranha and/or increase the slice width if possible.

• Page 141: Quick-Hvl And Total Filtration

  5. Measurements with the Piranha System With the calibration C1 the total filtration can be measured and the Piranha automatically corrects the kV value accordingly. It is optional to set a known total filtration instead, see the table below. To achieve optimal measurements of the total filtration, first perform a measurement at a low kV, preferable 80-100 kV.

• Page 142: Mas-1, Invasive Mas Probe

  This means that the measurement starts when the mAs-probe detects the tube current. The measurement is performed in the same way if you use a multi- parameter display. In that case the default trig is the Piranha and what is said below about false triggering can be ignored.

• Page 143
  1. Connect the MAS-1 probe to the X-ray generator as described in the MAS-1 User’s Manual. 2. Connect the MAS-1 probe to the external probe input. 3. Set up the Piranha and the handheld computer according to the description in Setting Up the Piranha 4.
• Page 144
  The MAS-1 probe can also be used for measurement of tube current during fluoroscopy. To measure fluoroscopy tube current with the Piranha MAS-1 Probe 1. Setup the Piranha according to the description earlier in this manual. 2. Connect the MAS-1 probe to the X-ray generator as described in the MAS-1 User’s Manual.

• Page 145: Mas-2, Non-Invasive Mas Probe

  Tube Current Probes 5.8.2 MAS-2, Non-invasive mAs Probe This section describes how to measure mAs, using the Piranha in the x-ray beam to trigger the measurement. This means that the measurement starts when the Piranha detects the radiation. The MAS-2 probe uses a current clamp probe to measure mAs and mA non-invasively.

• Page 146
  5. Measurements with the Piranha System Tube Current Probes 7. The figure to the left shows the result from an exposure with 80 kV, 100 ms, and 25 mA. The exposure time is measured with the MAS-2 probe. If you would get a message as shown in the figure to the left, the mAs probe is probably connected in the wrong direction.

• Page 147: Light Measurement

  (lx) measurements of ambient light in a room or in front of a CRT. Read the Piranha Light Probe User’s Manual for a detailed description of practical use and explanation of the theory behind the units and quantities of light.

• Page 148
  1. Do as described in step 1 to 8 above. 2. Press and hold the shutter. If the Piranha does not start to measure, lift the Piranha Light Probe and direct it towards a bright spot (with the shutter button pressed). Do not release the shutter button.

• Page 149: Illuminance — Ambient Light (Lx)

  8. The real-time display for illuminance is now displayed. Cover the white light-sensitive area of the Piranha Light Probe to shield off all light (you may use the rubber part that comes with the Piranha Light Probe-M if available). It is very important that you shield off all light.

• Page 150
  5. Measurements with the Piranha System Light Measurement 4. Read the result on the display. Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…
• Page 151
  Chapter 6 Optional Accessories…

• Page 152: Optional Accessories

  Optional accessories and tools available for the Piranha. Holder & HVL Stand Measuring HVL using the classic method? Then the Piranha holder and HVL stand together with a filter kit may be handy. The stand features a camera screw that fits perfectly into the camera thread of the Piranha.

• Page 153
  Magnet or tape position Insert the Piranha in the Holder, lock it with the rubber strap and perform the measurement. The extra magnet may be used for hanging the USB or charger cable «out of the way».
• Page 154
  6. Optional Accessories Piranha Panoramic Holder Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…
• Page 155
  Chapter 7 Problems and Solutions…

• Page 156: Problems And Solutions

  1. Start the QABrowser and run the filter test. (QABrowser: Setup | System Test) 2. Hold the Piranha in you right hand by the cable edge. 3. When the motor is trying to move, tap the Piranha’s left long edge in the palm of your left hand until it comes free.

• Page 157
  Bluetooth only shows «Unknown device» when trying to connect Depending on Palm model it may take a little while for the serial number to appear, the Piranha will appear as «Unknown device». Normally it will show the serial number if you wait a while.

• Page 158: Bluetooth

  Bluetooth Bluetooth is a wireless way of communication between your PC/handheld and your meter. The Piranha has built-in support for this, but with the Barracuda you need the Barracuda Serial Bluetooth Module accessory. A Palm OS handheld also has built-in support for Bluetooth but a PC may or may not have built-in support for Bluetooth.

• Page 159
  7. When prompted for a passkey enter 0000. 8. Now launch the QABrowser as described above. If your Piranha/Barracuda hardware does not support multiple Bluetooth devices (see above), and you use Bluetooth (with passkey) with more than one handheld, or if you…

• Page 160: Enable Bluetooth Passkey

  3. Select the USB connection. You cannot use a Bluetooth connection when you want to change the Bluetooth configuration. A Bluetooth connection is shown as COMxx. 4. Wait for RTI Updater to finish with the startup procedure. After a while when it is ready the Start button will be enabled.
• Page 161
  Chapter 8 Glossary…

• Page 162: Glossary

  Area exposure product Product of the area of a cross-section of a radiation beam and the averaged exposure over that cross-section. SI unit: Gy·m² Attenuation The reduction of radiation intensity upon passage of radiation through matter. Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…

• Page 163
  General: a program that does the job of loading the OS kernel of a computer. Piranha bootloader: Miniature program stored in cabinet and modules which normally just starts the Firmware. It is used more when the Firmware is updated. See Firmware.
• Page 164
  Radiation meter intended to measure absorbed dose per unit time. Dosemeter Radiation meter intended to measure absorbed dose. Effective dose equivalent (HE) Quantity used to express the weighted DOSE EQUIVALENT to the whole body when it is irradiated non uniformly or partially. Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…
• Page 165
  General: The operating system and software installed on a small device. Sometimes called embedded software. Piranha firmware: Program stored in cabinet and modules which handles all control of measurement electronics. Can be updated, then a special part of the firmware called bootloader, is used.
• Page 166
  A radiation source with associated equipment, and the space in which it is located. Interlock A device used to assure proper and safe use of a radiation installation by monitoring (usually by electrical devices) the status, presence or position of various associated Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…
• Page 167
  Kilovolt (kV) A unit of electrical potential difference equal to 1000 volts. See Peak tube voltage Lead equivalent The thickness of lead affording the same attenuation, under specified conditions, as the material in question. 2014-06/5.5C Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…
• Page 168
  Also known as personal monitor. An appropriately sensitive device used to estimate the absorbed dose received by an individual. Peak tube voltage Ûo (kVp) The peak value of the tube voltage (corresponding to the highest available radiation Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…
• Page 169
  Radiation receptor Any device that absorbs a portion of the incident radiation energy and converts this portion into another form of energy which can be more easily used to produce desired 2014-06/5.5C Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…
• Page 170
  A radiographic procedure in which a sequence of radiographs is made rapidly by using an automatic cassette changer, image intensifier/TV chain, etc. Shutter In beam therapy equipment, a device, attached to the X-ray or gamma-ray source Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…
• Page 171
  Thickness of a specified substance which, when introduced into the path of a given beam of radiation, reduces the kerma rate to one-tenth of its original rate. Tomography A special technique to show in detail images of structures lying in a predetermined 2014-06/5.5C Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…
• Page 172
  Evacuated vessel for the production of x-radiation by the bombardment of a target, usually contained in an anode, with electrons accelerated from a cathode by an electric field. Thus: Rotating anode X-ray tube. Double focus X-ray tube. Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…

• Page 173: Index

  About Beam Correction Factor 48, 122 Absorbed dose Beam limiting device Absorption Beam quality 38, 89, 113 Accessories Becquerel Piranha holder & HVL stand Blank screen Active display messages Bluetooth 37, 152, 154 Active Messages 65, 78 Indicator Activity Passkey…

• Page 174
  Effective dose equivalent (HE) Data logging Electrometer waveform Dead man switch Enable Bluetooth passkey Declaration of Conformity Entrance Skin Exposure 117, 123 Default settings Entrance Surface Air Kerma 117, 123 Default Unit Equivalent thickness Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…
• Page 175
  — G — Play Gantry Trig Geometric unsharpness Warning Good geometry Waveform indicator Inherent filtration Gray (Gy) Initial X-ray tube voltage Input dose rate — H — Installation Intended Use Half Value Layer Interlock Theory 2014-06/5.5C Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…
• Page 176
  Operating temperature Positioning Piranha Operator Quick-HVL Mammography specifications Optional Accessories Manufacturer’s Declaration of Conformity Orthopantomography 148, 164 Oscilloscope 88, 96 138, 141 Overview of Measurement Modes MAS-1 Probe Specifications MAS-2 Current Probe MAS-2 Probe Specifications Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…
• Page 177
  Fluoroscopy Piranha 12, 83 Mammography Cable Radiography Holder — R — Mammography positioning Physical dimensions Piranha holder & HVL stand Radiation (ionizing) Specifications Radiation protection survey Piranha holder Radiation quality 21, 38 Piranha internal detector Radiation receptor Piranha Light Probe…
• Page 178
  Power Source Pulse rate Pulse rate Sensitivity 50, 52 Radiography Threshold 50, 52 Size Total Filtration Trig level (time) Waveform recording time 20, 27 Trig source Weight Update mode Spot film Waveform recording time Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…
• Page 179
  Waveform indicator 38, 69 Trig Waveform recording time 48, 74, 75 Visual indication Waveform recording time Specifications Trig indicator 20, 27 Trig level (time) Waveform type 45, 91, 97 Trig source Waveforms Trigger WEEE 2014-06/5.5C Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…
• Page 180
  Index Weight White screen Whole body dose equivalent (Hwb) Window 50, 52, 82 Window time Workload (W) — X — Xeroradiography X-ray tube Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual 2014-06/5.5C…
• Page 181
  Notes Notes 2014-06/5.5C Piranha & QABrowser Reference Manual…