Qelectrotech руководство пользователя

1. Introduction

2. Creating a New Project

A new project can be opened from the main menu bar by selecting File and clicking New or by clicking the shortcut icon from the tool bar.

Fig.7 Project properties window [For more description go to `Project properties`_]

A “name” for the project created can be given in the Project Title field of Project properties. Click Projects from main menu to access these options. The project title tab now displays the project name as Project «name» [modified]. The project should now be saved as a file file_name.qet, the project title tab then displays project «name». A project can have this “name” different from the name of the file as which it is saved. Alternatively, a project which acquires its name from the file name can be overwritten by this action. The Project properties window has several options to be set. Such options are applied to all subsequent drawings added to the project. The present drawing properties should be set from the Diagram properties option in the tool bar or by double left clicking the drawing tab. Project properties window is further explained under `Project properties`_.

3. Creating a new diagram

By default, QElectroTech opens an Untitled diagram under an Untitled project when a new project is created (refer Section.2). A new diagram can also be created by pressing Control + t keys from keyboard or by clicking the add a diagram button located rightmost on the diagram title bar or by selecting the add a diagram from the Project option on the main menu bar. The drawing name and other properties can be set by invoking Diagram properties button from the tool bar. The Diagram properties can also be launched from the menu bar Edit and selecting the Diagram properties or by pressing Control + L keys from the key board. The diagram properties window has options to assign a name to the diagram, author’s name, date, changing the dimensions of the work area by adjusting number and dimensions of rows and columns, or selecting a standard template for the drawing etc.,. There is a custom tab provided for user defined keys.

Fig.8 Diagram properties [For more description go to `Diagram properties`_]

The Diagram properties window is explained further in the section on `Diagram properties`_ to describe most of the features it houses.

4. Configuring QElectroTech

QElectroTech permits customizations through configure option. To open the “configure window” click Settings from the main menu bar and select Configure QElectroTech. The customizations can be effected to

1. Configuring General window

Fig.9 Configuring General window

General window has the following customizations permitted in QElectroTech:

1. Appearance: (Default value is System colors)
   1. Checking the option for `Use system colors’ will make QElectroTech to pick up the same color profiles that are applied to the Operating System environment, like MS Windows or Debian Linux etc.,.
   2. Uncheking the option will make QElectroTech appear with a default appearance, which will be immune to the Operating System Environment color profiles.
2. Projects: (Describes how projects appear in the main window, default value is Tabs.) These options require restarting the QElectroTech application to effect the changes.
   1. Tabs: Checking the option will make projects appear as tabs in the QElectroTech window. Projects that are added subsequently will appear as tabs in the Project Title bar.
   2. Windows: Checking the option will make projects appear as individual windows with its own set of diagrams. Newer projects added subsequently will also behave as new windows. The Minimize, Restore and Close options for the windows appear to the right most on the “main menu bar”.
   3. Use gestures touchpad: Use the option for touchpad control of projects tabs in QElectroTech.
3. Elements Management: (Default value is both options selected).
   1. Integrate automatically the elements in to the projects: The option is reponsible to automatically import the elements added to the drawing into the Imported elements under Embedded collection of the project in the elements panel. In QElectroTech, the elements that are provided with the installations (in QET Collection) are not editable. However, once they are imported to the Imported elements of the project, they are available for editing in the element’s editor. They can be modified and reused in the drawing. The choice is therefore recommended. Refer to the section on `Elements editor`_ to learn to use the elements editor. You may gain quick overview by watching the animation in Fig.20 under `Section 10`_.
   2. Highlight freshly integrated elements in the panel: The choice will generate highlighting colors over the elements imported in the Imported elements.
      1. Yellow color flashes over the parent element and the element imported to the Imported elements at the time of importing.
      2. If the elements that are imported to the project under Imported elements are subsequently deleted from the drawing(s), then these elements will be permanently highlighted in light pink color indicating that they are unutilized in the project. The highlight is however only displayed under the project in the elements panel and will disappear if they included again in any of the drawings under the project.
4. Language: (Default value is System ) QElectroTech comes with many languages and the default language can be selected here. The language option can be set from the combo box next to language settings. You can either choose a fixed language in the QElectroTech application by opting your choice or leave it to the System option. In which case, QElectroTech automatically starts with the Operating System Environment language preference. Changing the system language would automatically change (update) the language for QElectroTech application.

1. New project

Fig.10 Configuring New Project — Diagram

(2.1) Diagram (Folio): Some of the workspace settings are provided here. The customizable options include:

1. Diagram size (Dimensions of folio):

1. Number of columns and rows for the grid.
2. Size of each column and row.
3. The headers for the columns and rows can be turned on / off. Headers are the `A’, `B’, `C’ etc., for rows and `1’,`2’,`3’ etc., for columns.
4. Option to fill gray color in the back ground.

1. Information title block: The template drop down box contains six options (drawing templates) to be set as default for new drawings or projects. The specific terms (fields) that are used here will be explained together with their use. The fields provided will be applied by default to all subsequent projects / diagrams as the case may be. The information title block comes with two tabs Main and Custom. The Custom tab is discussed under template editor in Section.11 .

1. Title provides the default name of the diagram that will open with each of the subsequent projects. Title name is usually given to describe the drawing for example, like a power generation system, distribution system etc.,
2. Author provides field to enter the name (or a pseudo name) of the person creating the diagrams in the project.
3. Date field has options to :
   1. Not specify a date for the drawings
   2. Apply today’s date i.e. the computer systems date will be applied to all subsequent diagrams. The value is dynamic changes with each passing day.
   3. To set a default date (fixed) to every subsequent drawing. The value is fixed and do not change.
4. File name applies to the top right field (cell) in the drawing / diagram title block. The file name can be for example the name of the system in a project. A system can have its drawing spread over several drawing sheets and all carry the same system name i.e. file name.
5. Folio name is an additional field to specify the drawing in a file. Folio names are usually provided to specify the current diagram in a sequence of files across which a file is named (system is specified). The field is by default set as %id/%total, which is a dynamic nomenclature. When a new diagram is added in the same project it is updated as “the number of the current drawing” / “total number of drawings created”.

Fig.11 Configuring New Project — Conductor

(2.2) Conductor: Conductor is basically the line that connects two elements in the drawing. The customization window has options to tweak conductor type and conductor appearance.

1. Conductor type: The options that are provided to customize the conductor type and its text appearance as:

   1. Multiline: The optional default text that should appear with each conductor can be entered in the Text field. The size of the font can be specified in the adjacent Size field. On the otherhand, the text field can be made invisible by “Unchecking” the Visible option i.e. no text will be displayed across the conductors, when they are created. Note: The Show one text per folio potential option is still under development.

   2. Angle of conductor labels: The option to set an angle to the text that appears together with each conductor created can be set here. The options are provided under two categories, namely —

      1. Vertical: The vertical option is to set the default angle to the text that appears in the vertical direction. The angle can be set in eight specified intervals with the graphic interaction tool. Click the green squares on the yellow circle to set the specified angle. Also, a finer control over the angle precision can be achieved upto two decimal places in the adjacent combo box in degrees, by keying the value from the key board. Clicking the up or down keys in the combo box increments or decrements the angle by one degree only.
      2. Horizontal: The horizontal option is to set the default angle to the text that appears in the horizontal direction. The angle can be set in eight specified intervals with the graphic interaction tool. Click the green squares on the yellow circle to set the specified angle. Also, a finer control over the angle precision can be achieved upto two decimal places in the adjacent combo box in degrees, by keying the value from the key board. Clicking the up or down keys in the combo box increments or decrements the angle by one degree only.

   3. Single line: The single line formatting provision is strictly included for the electrical diagrams. The provision shortens the representation of conductor(s) between two or more elements by including added information over the conductors, to convey a more meaning. In a typical domestic AC circuits we use a phase, a ground and a neutral wire. A drawing for such a circuit will require adding three conductors running parallel between the elements. This may clutter drawing and an alternate way exists to specify that a single line shown in the drawings represents a phase, a neutral and a ground cable. This is possible by choosing the Single line radio button and checking out the options (default) ground, neutral and phase. The neutral option has additional option called PEN to specify that the neutral cable is a specific Protected Earth Neutral. It is therefore logical to have a requirement for PEN to be active, that both ground and neutral be checked out first. The following points will summarize operations under Single line.

      1. A conductor can be formatted as any one or a combination of ground, neutral and phase. The small conductor snippet is provided to generate a preview of the likely conductor appearance after effecting the options.
      2. Selecting both options ground and neutral will permit to specify whether the conductor is a PEN type or not.
      3. The phase option is additionally facilitated with a slider and a double spin box, to specify the number supply phases. Provision exists to set a maximum of three phases only.
      4. The number of phases can be specified either by selecting and dragging the slider bar or keying in direct value in the double spin box or also by clicking the up / down keys of the double spin box to increment or decrement value by 1 unit.

2. Conductor appearance: Options that are provided to customize conductor appearance are:

   1. Color: A default color can be specified for the conductor from the color selection box. Left click on the color setting box, and pick up a color either from the existing basic colors or define a custom color by using the color mixer options and select it in the pop up color window. Click Ok to apply the option or Cancel to exit without applying the changes.
   2. Style: Currently three styles are available to choose from, for the default conductor appearance. The option can be selected from the list box next to the Style: option.

Fig.12 Configuring New Project — Reports folio

(2.3) Reports Folio: A set of

parent

and

child

elements are provided in QET Collection along with two other special referencing elements in QElectroTech. The two special referencing elements are

Previous folio

and

Next folio

located in the tree

QET Collection

–>

Electric

–>

All-pole

–>

Sheet referencing

. Refer to section uuuuuuu for more description on reports folio. The referencing index that these elements generate between different drawings with in a project or within the same drawing can be customized from Label of report folio in the Reports Folio tab. There are three keys f (the number of folio), l (line number), c (the column number), which are internally defined in QElectroTech. User can shuffle these keys to customize his/her default reference indexing.

%

symbol should be used prefixed to these keys to replace the keys with corresponding numbers in the drawing. A short explanation to the set of

parent

and

child

elements is provided in Cross References.

Fig.13 Folio elements in QET Collection

Fig.14 Configuring New Project — Cross references

(2.4) Cross References: The cross references tab is provided to improve electrical diagrams, particularly when using relays. Often electrical diagrams for example, like motor starters and protection systems will have a number of contacts and coils (Relays), with the coil often located at a different place (or sheet). Correct referencing of the contacts for their actuating coils in the diagram is of prime importance to interpret the functioning or operation of the system. A set of referencing relay elements are provided under QET Collection –> Electric –> All-pole –> Relays, contactors and contacts. The referencing customizations can be effected from this Cross references tab for subsequent projects or drawings. A brief explanation about the customization options are enumerated here:

1. Representation:
   1. Positioning: Two options are available to place the references of the contacts linked to a coil, either below the coil’s label or in the footer region (bottom of the drawing & inline below the parent coil).
   2. View cross: The referenced contacts (actuated by the coil) are displayed as a table of two columns, one for Normally Closed (NC) contacts and the other column for Normally Opened (NO) contacts. The sequence of the entries in these columns is decided by vertical distribution of the linked contacts i.e. a contact located above the coil in the drawing is displayed first than a contact located below the coil.
   3. View contacts: The referenced contacts (actuated by the coil) are displayed as a contact, unlike the earlier option of a two column display in View cross. The sequencing of the entries falls in the same order as described for View cross.
2. Option display cross: The fields customize a prefix to the texts that appear under View cross. The options provided here are:
   1. Show the power contacts in the cross: Checking the option will permit the power contacts to be displayed when the references are customized as a cross under a coil.
   2. Prefix of power contacts: The text field lets the user to define a customized prefix to the power contacts.
   3. Prefix of delayed contacts: The text field lets the user to define a customized prefix to the delay contacts.
   4. Prefix of change over contacts: The text fied lets the user to define a customized prefix to the change over contacts.

Fig.15(a) Illustration of Referencing fields using an example(Combustion system); Note the positioning option is set to «view contacts« (not cross)

1. Export

Fig.16 Configuring New Project — Export

The drawings from QElectroTech can be exported to different formats. Currently it is possible to export the drawings from QElectroTech as svg (Scalable Vector Graphics), bmp (Bit map), dxf (Drawing eXchange Format), jpg (Joint Photographers’ Expert Group format) and png (Portable Network Graphics). The various configuring options provided in the export window are:

1. Target directory: The default directory to which the drawings can be exported.
2. Format: The exporting format to which the drawing can be saved into the default directory.
3. Rendering options:

1. Export the border: This option will cause the entire drawing to be exported.
2. Export only elements: This option will export only the elements from the drawing. The connectors between the elements will be preserved. However the rest of the workspace is omitted.
3. Draw the border: The option specifies that the rows and columns provided in the drawing area to be included in the exported graphic.
4. Draw the inset: The option specifies that the drawing title block to be included in the exported graphic.
5. Keep conductor colors: The option specifies that the conductors colors assigned during drawing to be preserved and included in the exported graphic.
6. Draw the grid: The option specifies that the `dotted’ grid to be included in the exported graphic.
7. Draw terminals: The option specifies that the terminals (red tail with blue square) also to be preserved and included in the exported graphic.

The default settings are Export the border, Draw the border, Draw the inset and Keep conductors colors only. Other options are left for the user to choose.

1. Printing

Fig.17 Configuring New Project — Printing

The printing options are similar to the export options. Refer to the description for Export. The default values are Draw the border, Draw the inset and Keep conductors colors only. Other options are left for the user to choose.

5. Working with elements

QElectroTech has a number of elements listed as a tree under QET Collection in the left pane of main window. The collection of elements (shown highlighted in yellow square in Fig.1) is organized under relevant categories (folders). Users can click on the + symbol located left to the category to surf the elements or more categories under its tree. Alternatively an element can be searched quickly using Filter field, refer to filter. Each element can be selected using left mouse click and drag dropped on to the work area to include it in a diagram. The elements can be positioned any where in the work area. Some of the tools in the tool bar apply to elements such as cut, copy, paste, delete, rotate, element properties and select tools. Refer to from tool bar.
Some of the operations possible with elements:

1. Cut and Paste

1. Elements can be cut paste by using the `scissors’ icon and `Paste’ icon from the the tool bar.
2. Standard keyboard shortcuts like Control+x will also cut the element and Control+ v will paste the element.
3. Restrict the cut and paste functions within the same project. The elements would suffer data loss if the operations are effected over more than one project.

1. Copy

1. Elements can be copied by clicking the “Copy” icon from the tool bar or using Control+ c from the keyboard. Copied elements can be pasted in the same drawing or another drawing of the same Project. Pasting into a new project may cause loss of data.
2. Always use add an element (drag dropping into drawing) for new projects.

1. Delete
   1. Added elements can be deleted by selecting the element with a left mouse click and pressing either Delete key from keyboard or clicking the delete tool in the tool bar.
   2. It is possible to Delete more than one elements at a time by selecting them and applying delete option. Refer to Selection properties to know how to select more than one element.

Fig.18 Rotating element (in steps of 90^o)

1. Rotating
   1. Rotation of elements can be performed by selecting the element in the work area with left mouse click and pressing space key from key board.
   2. Elements can be rotated in quantum steps of 90^o (degrees).
   3. Rotate option in the tool bar turns active upon selecting at least one element in work area, which can be clicked to orient the selected element(s) to the required rotation.
   4. A number of elements can be selected together by holding control key from key board and left clicking required number of elements in the work area. Once the required elements are selected (evident from light gray box enclosing each selected element), rotation operation can now be performed on all the selected elements together as described earlier. Some elements like for example, a horizontal ammeter that cannot be rotated for obvious reasons.

Fig.19 Rotating more than one element (with and without text selected in steps of 90^o)

1. Selection properties
   1. Clicking the `Selection properties’ tool will pop open a properties window for the selected element.
   2. At a time more than one element can be selected either by holding Control key from keyboard and selecting each element by left clicking it with mouse or by clicking a point in the workspace, holding it and dragging a selection square encompassing the elements to be selected.
   3. When more than one element is selected, the selection properties window will have no options. Or in otherwords the software will not permit defining properties for a collection of elements simultaneously. It has to be done element by element.

Fig.20 Illustration of selecting more than one element with mouse

6. Working with Text Fields

7. Working with connectors

Elements have terminals, a conductor generating extension to elements to connect them with other elements or connectors. Making connections between terminals can be summarized as follows:

1. Position the cursor on the element connector or terminal you want to connect; you will see that a blue dot appearing on the terminals you want to join.
2. Left click the blue dot and hold and drag the pointer to the connector or terminal to join the other element you want to connect. If a green dot appears on the target terminals, it means that the conductor path between them is complete. A red dot means a «forbidden connection”.
3. Release the left mouse button and the conductor will be completed. The conductor assumes a path between the two elements. However, the connectors can be edited by selecting the conductor with a left mouse click and dragging the green squares on it. Refer to Section.8 for more operations with conductors.

Fig.24 Animated graphics showing making of connection (by way of conductors) between two elements (Top) Graphic illustrates that for a connection to be made between the two terminals, blue dot should be selected and cursor should be dragged to the other terminal in a fashion shown by arrows. (Bottom) graphic animates connection between a relay and a push button. When a terminal of the coil is pointed with the mouse, a blue colored dot develops at the terminal tip. The dot turns red upon clicking and holding it. Holding and dragging the dot to the terminal of the push button causes a green colored dot to appear at the terminal of the push button, indicating that the connection is permitted. Releasing the mouse button at this point creates a conductor between the two terminals.

8. Resizing conductors (connectors)

9. Element’s editor

Element can be viewed as a physical object (component) that is symbolically represented. An electrical, electronic, process or an instrumentation diagram employs a large number of symbols that are linked to each other that forms a system. Symbols can be standard, like those issued by ISA (International Society of Automation), or a custom defined by a design house. In QElectroTech such symbols are called elements. They can be given names to describe them and saved either in a *.elmt or a *.xml format.

10. Sample tutorial — Creating a Globe Valve Element

The tutorial here explains the creation of a globe valve element. You may click on the animated graphic to zoom to understand the sequence of steps followed to create and import elements in diagrams. The graphic is provided with text to offer guidance to each action required in the stage.

Fig.36 Steps for creating and importing elements in QElectroTech (Right click the image and select view image to watch the animation in full screen)

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