Панто денк 20 инструкция по применению

WARNINGS

Included as part of the «PRECAUTIONS» Section

PRECAUTIONS

Presence Of Gastric Malignancy

In adults, symptomatic response to therapy with PROTONIX does not preclude the presence of gastric malignancy. Consider additional follow-up and diagnostic testing in adult patients who have a suboptimal response or an early symptomatic relapse after completing treatment with a PPI. In older patients, also consider an endoscopy.

Acute Interstitial Nephritis

Acute interstitial nephritis has been observed in patients taking PPIs including PROTONIX. Acute interstitial nephritis may occur at any point during PPI therapy and is generally attributed to an idiopathic hypersensitivity reaction. Discontinue PROTONIX if acute interstitial nephritis develops.

Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhea

Published observational studies suggest that PPI therapy like PROTONIX may be associated with an increased risk of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea, especially in hospitalized patients. This diagnosis should be considered for diarrhea that does not improve.

Patients should use the lowest dose and shortest duration of PPI therapy appropriate to the condition being treated.

Bone Fracture

Several published observational studies suggest that PPI therapy may be associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis-related fractures of the hip, wrist, or spine. The risk of fracture was increased in patients who received high-dose, defined as multiple daily doses, and longterm PPI therapy (a year or longer). Patients should use the lowest dose and shortest duration of PPI therapy appropriate to the condition being treated. Patients at risk for osteoporosis-related fractures should be managed according to established treatment guidelines.

Cutaneous And Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been reported in patients taking PPIs, including pantoprazole sodium. These events have occurred as both new onset and an exacerbation of existing autoimmune disease. The majority of PPIinduced lupus erythematous cases were CLE.

The most common form of CLE reported in patients treated with PPIs was subacute CLE (SCLE) and occurred within weeks to years after continuous drug therapy in patients ranging from infants to the elderly. Generally, histological findings were observed without organ involvement.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is less commonly reported than CLE in patients receiving PPIs. PPI associated SLE is usually milder than non-drug induced SLE. Onset of SLE typically occurred within days to years after initiating treatment primarily in patients ranging from young adults to the elderly. The majority of patients presented with rash; however, arthralgia and cytopenia were also reported.

Avoid administration of PPIs for longer than medically indicated. If signs or symptoms consistent with CLE or SLE are noted in patients receiving PROTONIX, discontinue the drug and refer the patient to the appropriate specialist for evaluation. Most patients improve with discontinuation of the PPI alone in 4 to 12 weeks. Serological testing (e.g. ANA) may be positive and elevated serological test results may take longer to resolve than clinical manifestations.

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B-12) Deficiency

Generally, daily treatment with any acid-suppressing medications over a long period of time (e.g., longer than 3 years) may lead to malabsorption of cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B-12) caused by hypo- or achlorhydria. Rare reports of cyanocobalamin deficiency occurring with acid-suppressing therapy have been reported in the literature. This diagnosis should be considered if clinical symptoms consistent with cyanocobalamin deficiency are observed.

Hypomagnesemia

Hypomagnesemia, symptomatic and asymptomatic, has been reported rarely in patients treated with PPIs for at least three months, in most cases after a year of therapy. Serious adverse events include tetany, arrhythmias, and seizures. In most patients, treatment of hypomagnesemia required magnesium replacement and discontinuation of the PPI.

For patients expected to be on prolonged treatment or who take PPIs with medications such as digoxin or drugs that may cause hypomagnesemia (e.g., diuretics), health care professionals may consider monitoring magnesium levels prior to initiation of PPI treatment and periodically.

Tumorigenicity

Due to the chronic nature of GERD, there may be a potential for prolonged administration of PROTONIX. In long-term rodent studies, pantoprazole was carcinogenic and caused rare types of gastrointestinal tumors. The relevance of these findings to tumor development in humans is unknown.

Interference With Urine Screen For THC

There have been reports of false positive urine screening tests for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in patients receiving PPIs, including PROTONIX.

Concomitant Use Of PROTONIX With Methotrexate

Literature suggests that concomitant use of PPIs with methotrexate (primarily at high dose; see methotrexate prescribing information) may elevate and prolong serum levels of methotrexate and/or its metabolite, possibly leading to methotrexate toxicities. In high-dose methotrexate administration, a temporary withdrawal of the PPI may be considered in some patients .

Patient Counseling Information

Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).

Adverse Reactions

• Hypersensitivity Reactions
• Acute Interstitial Nephritis
• Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea
• Bone Fracture
• Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B-12) Deficiency
• Hypomagnesemia

Drug Interactions

Instruct patients to inform their healthcare provider of any other medications they are currently taking, including rilpivirine-containing products , high dose methotrexate and over-the-counter medications.

Pregnancy

Inform female patients of reproductive potential that PROTONIX may cause fetal harm and to inform their prescriber of a known or suspected pregnancy.

Administration

• Caution patients that PROTONIX For Delayed-Release Oral Suspension and PROTONIX Delayed-Release Tablets should not be split, crushed, or chewed.
• PROTONIX oral suspension packet is a fixed dose and cannot be divided to make a smaller dose.
• Tell patients that PROTONIX Delayed-Release Tablets should be swallowed whole, with or without food in the stomach.
• Let patients know that concomitant administration of antacids does not affect the absorption of PROTONIX Delayed-Release Tablets.
• Advise patients to take PROTONIX For Delayed-Release Oral Suspension approximately 30 minutes before a meal.
• Advise patients that PROTONIX For Delayed-Release Oral Suspension should only be administered in apple juice or applesauce, not in water, other liquids, or foods.

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility

In a 24-month carcinogenicity study, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with pantoprazole doses of 0.5 to 200 mg/kg/day, about 0.1 to 40 times the exposure on a body surface area basis of a 50 kg person dosed with 40 mg/day. In the gastric fundus, treatment at 0.5 to 200 mg/kg/day produced enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia and benign and malignant neuroendocrine cell tumors in a dose-related manner. In the forestomach, treatment with 50 and 200 mg/kg/day (about 10 and 40 times the recommended human dose on a body surface area basis) produced benign squamous cell papillomas and malignant squamous cell carcinomas. Rare gastrointestinal tumors associated with pantoprazole treatment included an adenocarcinoma of the duodenum with 50 mg/kg/day and benign polyps and adenocarcinomas of the gastric fundus with 200 mg/kg/day. In the liver, treatment at 0.5 to 200 mg/kg/day produced dose-related increases in the incidences of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas. In the thyroid gland, treatment with 200 mg/kg/day produced increased incidences of follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas for both male and female rats.

In a 24-month carcinogenicity study, Fischer 344 rats were treated orally with doses of 5 to 50 mg/kg/day of pantoprazole, approximately 1 to 10 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area. In the gastric fundus, treatment with 5 to 50 mg/kg/day produced enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia and benign and malignant neuroendocrine cell tumors. Dose selection for this study may not have been adequate to comprehensively evaluate the carcinogenic potential of pantoprazole.

In a 24-month carcinogenicity study, B6C3F1 mice were treated orally with doses of 5 to 150 mg/kg/day of pantoprazole, 0.5 to 15 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area. In the liver, treatment with 150 mg/kg/day produced increased incidences of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in female mice. Treatment with 5 to 150 mg/kg/day also produced gastric-fundic ECL cell hyperplasia.

A 26-week p53 +/- transgenic mouse carcinogenicity study was not positive.

Pantoprazole was positive in the in vitro human lymphocyte chromosomal aberration assays, in one of two mouse micronucleus tests for clastogenic effects, and in the in vitro Chinese hamster ovarian cell/HGPRT forward mutation assay for mutagenic effects. Equivocal results were observed in the in vivo rat liver DNA covalent binding assay. Pantoprazole was negative in the in vitro Ames mutation assay, the in vitro unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay with rat hepatocytes, the in vitro AS52/GPT mammalian cell-forward gene mutation assay, the in vitro thymidine kinase mutation test with mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells, and the in vivo rat bone marrow cell chromosomal aberration assay.

There were no effects on fertility or reproductive performance when pantoprazole was given at oral doses up to 500 mg/kg/day in male rats (98 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) and 450 mg/kg/day in female rats (88 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area).

Use In Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category C

Reproduction studies have been performed in rats at oral pantoprazole doses up to 450 mg/kg/day (about 88 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) and in rabbits at oral doses up to 40 mg/kg/day (about 16 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) with administration of pantoprazole sodium during organogenesis in pregnant animals. The studies have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to pantoprazole.

A pre- and postnatal development toxicity study in rats with additional endpoints to evaluate the effect on bone development was performed with pantoprazole sodium. Oral pantoprazole doses of 5, 15, and 30 mg/kg/day (approximately 1, 3, and 6 times the human dose of 40 mg/day on a body surface area basis) were administered to pregnant females from gestation day (GD) 6 through lactation day (LD) 21. On postnatal day (PND 4) through PND 21, the pups were administered oral doses at 5, 15, and 30 mg/kg/day (approximately 1, 2.3, and 3.2 times the exposure (AUC) in humans at a dose of 40 mg). There were no drug-related findings in maternal animals. During the preweaning dosing phase (PND 4 to 21) of the pups, there were increased mortality and/or moribundity and decreased body weight and body weight gain at 5 mg/kg/day (approximately equal exposures (AUC) in humans receiving the 40 mg dose) and higher doses. On PND 21, decreased mean femur length and weight and changes in femur bone mass and geometry were observed in the offspring at 5 mg/kg/day (approximately equal exposures (AUC) in humans at the 40 mg dose) and higher doses. The femur findings included lower total area, bone mineral content and density, periosteal and endosteal circumference, and cross-sectional moment of inertia. There were no microscopic changes in the distal femur, proximal tibia, or stifle joints. Changes in bone parameters were partially reversible following a recovery period, with findings on PND 70 limited to lower femur metaphysis cortical/subcortical bone mineral density in female pups at 5 mg/kg/day (approximately equal exposures (AUC) in humans at the 40 mg dose) and higher doses.

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk of fetal harm. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Nursing Mothers

Pantoprazole and its metabolites are excreted in the milk of rats. Pantoprazole excretion in human milk has been detected in a study of a single nursing mother after a single 40 mg oral dose of pantoprazole sodium. The clinical relevance of this finding is not known. Many drugs which are excreted in human milk have a potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants. Based on the potential for tumorigenicity shown for pantoprazole sodium in rodent carcinogenicity studies, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the benefit of the drug to the mother.

Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of PROTONIX for short-term treatment (up to eight weeks) of erosive esophagitis (EE) associated with GERD have been established in pediatric patients 1 year through 16 years of age. Effectiveness for EE has not been demonstrated in patients less than 1 year of age. In addition, for patients less than 5 years of age, there is no appropriate dosage strength in an age-appropriate formulation available. Therefore, PROTONIX is indicated for the short-term treatment of EE associated with GERD for patients 5 years and older. The safety and effectiveness of PROTONIX for pediatric uses other than EE have not been established.

1 Year Through 16 Years Of Age

Use of PROTONIX in pediatric patients 1 year through 16 years of age for short-term treatment (up to eight weeks) of EE associated with GERD is supported by: a) extrapolation of results from adequate and well-controlled studies that supported the approval of PROTONIX for treatment of EE associated with GERD in adults, and b) safety, effectiveness, and pharmacokinetic studies performed in pediatric patients.

Safety of PROTONIX in the treatment of EE associated with GERD in pediatric patients 1 through 16 years of age was evaluated in three multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-treatment studies, involving 249 pediatric patients, including 8 with EE (4 patients ages 1 year to 5 years and 4 patients 5 years to 11 years). The children ages 1 year to 5 years with endoscopically diagnosed EE (defined as an endoscopic Hetzel-Dent score ≥ 2) were treated once daily for 8 weeks with one of two dose levels of PROTONIX (approximating 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg). All 4 of these patients with EE were healed (Hetzel-Dent score of 0 or 1) at 8 weeks. Because EE is uncommon in the pediatric population, predominantly pediatric patients with endoscopically-proven or symptomatic GERD were also included in these studies.

Patients were treated with a range of doses of PROTONIX once daily for 8 weeks. For safety findings see ADVERSE REACTIONS. Because these pediatric trials had no placebo, active comparator, or evidence of a dose response, the trials were inconclusive regarding the clinical benefit of PROTONIX for symptomatic GERD in the pediatric population. The effectiveness of PROTONIX for treating symptomatic GERD in pediatric patients has not been established.

Although the data from the clinical trials support use of PROTONIX for the short-term treatment of EE associated with GERD in pediatric patients 1 year through 5 years, there is no commercially available dosage formulation appropriate for patients less than 5 years of age.

In a population pharmacokinetic analysis, clearance values in the children 1 to 5 years old with endoscopically proven GERD had a median value of 2.4 L/h. Following a 1.2 mg/kg equivalent dose (15 mg for. 12.5 kg and 20 mg for > 12.5 to < 25 kg), the plasma concentrations of pantoprazole were highly variable and the median time to peak plasma concentration was 3 to 6 hours. The estimated AUC for patients 1 to 5 years old was 37% higher than for adults receiving a single 40 mg tablet, with a geometric mean AUC value of 6.8 μg•hr/mL.

Neonates To Less Than One Year Of Age

PROTONIX was not found to be effective in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, treatment-withdrawal study of 129 pediatric patients 1 through 11 months of age. Patients were enrolled if they had symptomatic GERD based on medical history and had not responded to non-pharmacologic interventions for GERD for two weeks. Patients received PROTONIX daily for four weeks in an open-label phase, then patients were randomized in equal proportion to receive PROTONIX treatment or placebo for the subsequent four weeks in a double-blind manner. Efficacy was assessed by observing the time from randomization to study discontinuation due to symptom worsening during the four-week treatment-withdrawal phase. There was no statistically significant difference between PROTONIX and placebo in the rate of discontinuation.

In this trial, the adverse reactions that were reported more commonly (difference of ≥ 4%) in the treated population compared to the placebo population were elevated CK, otitis media, rhinitis, and laryngitis.

In a population pharmacokinetic analysis, the systemic exposure was higher in patients less than 1 year of age with GERD compared to adults who received a single 40 mg dose (geometric mean AUC was 103% higher in preterm infants and neonates receiving single dose of 2.5 mg of PROTONIX, and 23% higher in infants 1 through 11 months of age receiving a single dose of approximately 1.2 mg/kg). In these patients, the apparent clearance (CL/F) increased with age (median clearance: 0.6 L/hr, range: 0.03 to 3.2 L/hr).

These doses resulted in pharmacodynamic effects on gastric but not esophageal pH. Following once daily dosing of 2.5 mg of PROTONIX in preterm infants and neonates, there was an increase in the mean gastric pH (from 4.3 at baseline to 5.2 at steady-state) and in the mean % time that gastric pH was > 4 (from 60% at baseline to 80% at steady-state). Following once daily dosing of approximately 1.2 mg/kg of PROTONIX in infants 1 through 11 months of age, there was an increase in the mean gastric pH (from 3.1 at baseline to 4.2 at steady-state) and in the mean % time that gastric pH was > 4 (from 32% at baseline to 60% at steady-state). However, no significant changes were observed in mean intraesophageal pH or % time that esophageal pH was < 4 in either age group.

Because PROTONIX was not shown to be effective in the randomized, placebo-controlled study in this age group, the use of PROTONIX for treatment of symptomatic GERD in infants less than 1 year of age is not indicated.

Animal Toxicity Data

In a pre- and post-natal development study in rats, the pups were administered oral doses of pantoprazole at 5, 15, and 30 mg/kg/day (approximately 1, 2.3, and 3.2 times the exposure (AUC) in children aged 6 to 11 years at a dose of 40 mg) on postnatal day (PND 4) through PND 21, in addition to lactational exposure through milk. On PND 21, decreased mean femur length and weight and changes in femur bone mass and geometry were observed in the offspring at 5 mg/kg/day (approximately equal exposures (AUC) in children aged 6 to 11 years at the 40 mg dose) and higher doses. Changes in bone parameters were partially reversible following a recovery period.

In neonatal/juvenile animals (rats and dogs) toxicities were similar to those observed in adult animals, including gastric alterations, decreases in red cell mass, increases in lipids, enzyme induction and hepatocellular hypertrophy. An increased incidence of eosinophilic chief cells in adult and neonatal/juvenile rats, and atrophy of chief cells in adult rats and in neonatal/juvenile dogs, was observed in the fundic mucosa of stomachs in repeated-dose studies. Full to partial recovery of these effects were noted in animals of both age groups following a recovery period.

Geriatric Use

In short-term US clinical trials, erosive esophagitis healing rates in the 107 elderly patients (≥ 65 years old) treated with PROTONIX were similar to those found in patients under the age of 65. The incidence rates of adverse reactions and laboratory abnormalities in patients aged 65 years and older were similar to those associated with patients younger than 65 years of age.

Для таблеток, покрытых кишечнорастворимой оболочкой

Примерно у 5% пациентов можно ожидать развитие нежелательных лекарственных реакций (НЛР). Наиболее частыми НЛР являются диарея и головная боль, развивающиеся приблизительно у 1% пациентов. Ниже перечислены НЛР, зарегистрированные при применении пантопразола, классифицированные в соответствии с частотой встречаемости следующим образом: очень часто (≥1/10); часто (≥1/100 и <1/10); нечасто (≥1/1000 и <1/100); редко (≥1/10 000 и <1/1000); очень редко (<1/10000); частота неизвестна (невозможно оценить на основании имеющихся данных).

Для НЛР, выявленных при пострегистрационном применении препарата, невозможно применить какую-либо категорию частоты встречаемости, и поэтому они указаны как «частота неизвестна».

В пределах каждой группы частоты встречаемости НЛР представлены в порядке уменьшения серьезности.

Со стороны органов кроветворения: редко — агранулоцитоз; очень редко — лейкопения, тромбоцитопения, панцитопения.

Со стороны иммунной системы: редко — повышенная чувствительность (в т.ч. анафилактические реакции, включая анафилактический шок).

Со стороны обмена веществ и питания: редко — гиперлипидемия и повышение концентрации липидов (триглицериды, Хс) в плазме крови, изменение массы тела; частота неизвестна — гипонатриемия, гипомагниемия, гипокальциемия в сочетании с гипомагниемией, гипокалиемия.

Нарушения психики: нечасто — нарушение сна; редко — депрессия (включая обострения имеющихся расстройств); очень редко — дезориентация (включая обострения имеющихся расстройств); частота неизвестна — галлюцинации, спутанность сознания (особенно у предрасположенных пациентов, а также возможное обострение симптомов при их наличии до применения препарата).

Со стороны нервной системы: нечасто — головная боль, головокружение; редко — дисгевзия (нарушение вкуса); частота неизвестна — парастезия.

Со стороны органа зрения: редко — нарушение зрения/нечеткость зрения.

Со стороны ЖКТ: нечасто — диарея, тошнота/рвота, вздутие живота и метеоризм, запор, сухость слизистой оболочки полости рта, боль и дискомфорт в животе.

Со стороны печени и желчевыводящих путей: нечасто — повышение активности печеночных ферментов (трансаминаз, ГГТ); редко — повышение концентрации билирубина; частота неизвестна — гепатоцеллюлярные повреждения, желтуха, гепатоцеллюлярная недостаточность.

Со стороны кожи и подкожных тканей: нечасто — кожная сыпь/экзантема/высыпание, кожный зуд; редко — крапивница, ангионевротический отек; частота неизвестна — синдром Стивенса-Джонсона, синдром Лайелла, мультиформная эритема, светочувствительность, подострая кожная красная волчанка (ПККВ).

Со стороны скелетно-мышечной системы и соединительной ткани: нечасто — перелом шейки бедренной кости, костей запястья или позвоночника; редко — артралгия, миалгия; частота неизвестна — мышечный спазм как следствие нарушения электролитного баланса.

Со стороны почек и мочевыводящих путей: частота неизвестна — интерстициальный нефрит (с возможным прогрессированием до почечной недостаточности).

Со стороны половых органов и молочной железы: редко — гинекомастия.

Общие расстройства и нарушения в месте введения: нечасто — астения, чрезмерная утомляемость и недомогание; редко — повышение температуры тела, периферический отек.

Для лиофилизата для приготовления раствора для в/в введения

При применении пантопразола, лиофилизат для приготовления раствора для в/в введения, в соответствии с показаниями и в рекомендованных дозах побочные эффекты возникают крайне редко. Наиболее частой нежелательной побочной реакцией является тромбофлебит в месте введения препарата. Диарея и головная боль наблюдаются примерно у 1% пациентов.

Ниже приводятся данные о нежелательных побочных реакциях в зависимости от частоты их возникновения.

Классификация частоты развития побочных эффектов ВОЗ: очень часто ≥1/10; часто от ≥1/100 до <1/10; нечасто от ≥1/1000 до <1/100; редко от ≥1/10000 до <1/1000; очень редко < 1/10000; частота неизвестна — не может быть оценена на основе имеющихся данных.

Со стороны крови и лимфатической системы: редко — агранулоцитоз; очень редко — тромбоцитопения, лейкопения, панцитопения.

Со стороны нервной системы: нечасто — головная боль, головокружение; редко — дисгевзия (нарушение вкуса).

Со стороны органа зрения: редко — нарушение зрения (затуманивание).

Со стороны ЖКТ: нечасто — диарея, тошнота/рвота, вздутие живота и метеоризм, запор, сухость слизистой оболочки полости рта, дискомфорт и боль в животе.

Со стороны почек и мочевыводящих путей: частота неизвестна — интерстициальный нефрит.

Со стороны кожи и подкожных тканей: нечасто — экзантема/кожная сыпь, кожный зуд; редко — крапивница, ангионевротический отек; частота неизвестна — злокачественная экссудативная эритема (синдром Стивенса-Джонсона), экссудативная многоформная эритема, токсический эпидермальный некролиз, фоточувствительность.

Со стороны скелетно-мышечной системы и соединительной ткани: редко — артралгия, миалгия.

Со стороны обмена веществ и питания: редко — гиперлипидемия и повышение концентрации липидов (триглицериды, холестеролы) в плазме крови, изменение массы тела; частота неизвестна — гипонатриемия, гипомагниемия.

Общие расстройства и нарушения в месте введения: часто — тромбофлебит в месте введения; нечасто — слабость, повышенная утомляемость и недомогание; редко — повышение температуры тела, периферические отеки.

Со стороны иммунной системы: редко — повышенная чувствительность (в т.ч. анафилактические реакции, включая анафилактический шок).

Со стороны печени и желчевыводящих путей: нечасто — повышение активности печеночных ферментов — АСТ, ГГТ в плазме крови; редко — повышение концентрации билирубина в плазме крови; частота неизвестна — гепатоцеллюлярные повреждения, желтуха.

Со стороны половых органов и молочной железы: редко — гинекомастия.

Нарушения психики: нечасто — нарушение сна; редко — депрессия (включая обострения имеющихся расстройств); очень редко — дезориентация (включая обострения имеющихся расстройств); частота неизвестна — галлюцинации, спутанность сознания (особенно у предрасположенных к этому пациентов), а также обострение симптомов, имевшихся до начала терапии.