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Instruction Manual
HI 98703
Portable Turbidimeter
1
1.800.561.8187
information@itm.com
www.
.com
Related Manuals for Hanna Instruments HI 98703
Summary of Contents for Hanna Instruments HI 98703
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Page 1
Instruction Manual HI 98703 Portable Turbidimeter 1.800.561.8187 information@itm.com www. .com… -
Page 2: Table Of Contents
WARRANTY HI 98703 is guaranteed for two years against defects in workmanship and materials when used for its intended purpose and maintained according to instructions. This warranty is limited to repair or replacement free of charge.
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Page 3: Preliminary Examination
Please examine this product carefully. Make sure that the instrument is not damaged. If any damage occurred during shipment, please notify your local Hanna Office. Each HI 98703 Portable Turbidimeter is supplied complete with: • Five Sample Cuvettes and Caps •…
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Page 4: General Description
The instrument is specially designed for water quality measurements, providing a reliable and accurate reading on low turbidity values. The HI 98703 instrument measures the turbidity of a sample in the 0.00 to 1000 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) range. An effective algorithm calculates and converts the readings in NTU.
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Page 5: Tag Identification System
TAG IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM Hanna is the first manufacturer of turbidity instruments that has decided to add the unique T.I.S. — Tag Identification System to our Portable Turbidimeters, to meet the more restrictive needs of the users and fit all advantages of this system to the turbidity measurements and data management. The system is designed for scientific and industrial applications, or to prove during safety audits and inspections that samples have been truly taken on pre-established locations.
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Page 6: Principle Of Operation
0 to 40 NTU range, using the nephelometric method. The HI 98703 Portable Turbidimeter is designed to meet or exceed the criteria specified by the USEPA Method 180.1 and Standard Method 2130 B.
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Page 7: Measurement Units
To obtain more accurate readings a nephelometer should be used as a turbidity reading instrument. The HI 98703 turbidimeter reports the measurements only in NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). NTU units are equal to FTU units (Formazine Turbidity Units). The conversion table…
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Page 8: Functional Description
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION 1) Cuvette Lid. Close the cuvette lid prior to start a measurement. 2) Cuvette Holder. Insert the cuvette into the holder with the cuvette mark matching the case mark. 3) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The LCD has backlight for better visibility in dark environments. 4) Keypad.
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Page 9
ON/OFF, press to turn the instrument ON/OFF. If no key is pressed for more than 15 minutes, the instrument automatically shuts off. 9) GLP , press to enter/exit GLP feature. In SETUP it is used to increase the set values. In Log Recall it is used to select a newer record (scroll up). -
Page 10
DISPLAY DESCRIPTION 1) Battery icon. When it is ON, it shows that the instrument works on battery. When blinking, the batteries are almost empty and need to be replaced. 2) Wait icon. It is displayed when the instrument performs an internal checkup. 3) Lamp icon. -
Page 11: Specifications
SPECIFICATIONS Range 0.00 to 9.99 NTU 10.0 to 99.9 NTU 100 to 1000 NTU Range Selection Automatically Resolution 0.01 NTU from 0.00 to 9.99 NTU 0.1 NTU from 10.0 to 99.9 NTU 1 NTU from 100 to 1000 NTU Accuracy ±2% of reading plus 0.02 NTU Repeatibility ±1% of reading or 0.02 NTU, whichever is greater…
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Page 12: General Tips For An Accurate Measurement
GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT HI 98703 is a highly accurate turbidimeter. To meet the instrument performance and fully benefit of its properties it is very important that the analyst perform accurate, precise and repeatable readings using proper measurement techniques. Special care must be taken during sample preparation and handling.
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Page 13
CUVETTE OILING To hide minor imperfections and scratches, the cuvettes should be oiled outside with the supplied silicone oil. This is very important, especially for low turbidity samples (< 1 NTU), otherwise scratches can contribute and alter turbidity readings. The silicone oil has the same refractive index as the glass and will not alter the turbidity readings. It is important to apply only a thin layer of silicone oil. -
Page 14
In order to index a cuvette follow the next steps: • Fill the cuvette with high quality water (<0.1 NTU) up to the line. • Clean and oil the cuvette as described before. • Turn the instrument ON. • Insert the cuvette into the instrument and press READ . -
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MATCHING MULTIPLE CUVETTES Precise measurements require the use of a single cuvette. If it is not possible, the cuvette selection and matching must be performed before taking measurements. In order to match multiple cuvettes follow the next steps: • Fill some cuvettes with high quality water (<0.1 NTU) up to the line. -
Page 16
• Open the instrument lid, slightly rotate the cuvette and take a new reading. • Repeat the last step for the second cuvette until the reading is within 0.01 NTU of the value obtained for the first cuvette. • Alternatively, keep READ pressed and, after the first value is displayed, open the lid and start rotating the cuvette until the displayed value matches the first cuvette. -
Page 17
APPLICATION OF VACUUM Vacuum works by decreasing the atmospheric pressure. In this way the bubbles from the solution came out to the surface. Application of vacuum is a very simple procedure and can be applied with any vacuum source at hand. The simplest equipment at hand is a syringe and a rubber stopper for vacuum degassing. -
Page 18
HEATING THE SAMPLE Use of heat to remove air bubbles, although very effective in some cases, should be handled with care because it can alter the turbidity of the sample. When heating a sample, the volatile components from the sample can vaporize, the suspended components can dissolve or the sample characteristics can change. -
Page 19: Measurement Procedure
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE When taking any turbidity measurements several basic rules should be followed: • Use always cuvettes without scratches or cracks because they can cause inaccurate readings. • Cap always the cuvettes to avoid spillage of the sample into the instrument. •…
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Page 20
NORMAL MEASUREMENT This type of measurement can be used for regular measurements, when the sample is stable and normal accuracy is required. In normal measurement mode, the lamp is ON for a minimum period of time (about 7 seconds), saving the battery life. Normal measurement takes about 10 seconds. If normal measurement is selected, the “AVG”… -
Page 21
• When the measurement is ended, the final averaged result is displayed directly in NTU. RANGE AND UNITS HI 98703 automatically selects the correct range to display the results with the highest accuracy. If the measured value is higher than 1000 NTU (over range), the display will show the maximum value blinking. -
Page 22: Calibration Procedure
HI 98703 turbidimeter is supplied with 4 AMCO standards: <0.1 NTU, 15 NTU, 100 NTU and 750 NTU. The Hanna standards are specially designed for this instrument. The turbidity standards have a shelf life and should not be used after the expiration date.
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Page 23
TWO-POINT CALIBRATION • Turn the instrument on by pressing ON/OFF. When the LCD displays dashes, the instrument is ready. • Enter calibration mode by pressing CAL. The display will show “CAL P.1” and no suggested value. This first point is used to check the optical system. -
Page 24
• At the end of the measurement, the third calibration point (100 NTU) is displayed on the primary LCD, “CAL P.3” on the secondary LCD, and “READ” tag will blink. • At this moment it is possible to exit calibration by pressing CAL. -
Page 25
• If the calculated calibration coefficients are outside a certain range, the “CAL Err” message is displayed. CALIBRATION DELETION HI 98703 is factory calibrated. It is possible to restore factory calibration by deleting last performed calibration. To delete last calibration, follow the next steps: •… -
Page 26: Logging
LOGGING HI 98703 has a log space for up to 200 records. With each measurement, the date, time and tag ID is stored. In this way, each record is fully characterized and can be easily analyzed when downloading data on the PC application (HI 92000).
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Page 27
VIEW LOGGED DATA The stored records can be viewed at any moment by pressing RCL. To return to normal measurement mode, press RCL again. LOG SEARCHING The log records are stored in chronological order. The first displayed record is the last stored one. •… -
Page 28
• Measurement date in YYYY.MM.DD format. • Measurement time in hh:mm format. • Delete the last record panel (only for last record). • Delete all records. DELETE LAST RECORD To log other values, the last record or all records have to be deleted. •… -
Page 29: Good Laboratory Practice (Glp)
• The instrument asks for confirmation and if LOG/CFM is pressed, all records are deleted. To abort the delete function, press READ instead of LOG/CFM. • After all records are deleted, dashes are displayed for one second and the instrument returns to idle mode.
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Page 30
• Third calibration point (if available). • Fourth calibration point (if available). • Delete calibration panel. To delete calibration: • Press SETUP/DEL while in the delete calibration panel of the GLP. The user calibration will be deleted and the factory calibration will be restored. -
Page 31: Setup
LCD. Alternatively, press CAL to exit without saving the new settings. SET BEEPER The HI 98703 has a built-in beeper that signals the tag read, the key press and the error conditions. The beeper can be selected to be ON or OFF.
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Page 32
Alternatively, press CAL to exit without saving the changes. SET THE DATE The HI 98703 turbidimeter has a built-in real time clock (RTC). The RTC time is used to generate a unique time stamp for each recorded value and to automatically store the last calibration date. -
Page 33
• Press LOG/CFM or READ to start editing the month value. The month value will start blinking. • Press the keys to set the month value. • Press LOG/CFM or READ to start editing the day value. The day value will start blinking. •… -
Page 34
ID will be displayed. Alternatively, press CAL to exit without saving the changes. SET BAUD RATE The HI 98703 has a RS232 and a USB link. When the USB connection is used, the RS232 connection becomes inactive. To successfully communicate with the PC, the same baud rate must be selected on the instrument and on the PC application. -
Page 35: Lcd Backlight
• Press the keys to select the new baud rate value. • Press LOG/CFM to save the change. The new selected baud rate will be displayed. Alternatively, press CAL to exit without saving the changes. LCD BACKLIGHT The LCD can be illuminated to allow the user to see the readings even in dark environments.
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Page 36: Lamp Replacement
Warning: After lamp replacement the meter needs to be recalibrated. BATTERIES MANAGEMENT For field measurements, HI 98703 is powered by 4 AA batteries. The battery life is enough for 1500 normal measurements. When the instrument is started, the remaining battery life is estimated and reported in percents.
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Page 37
Warning: Replace batteries only in a non-hazardous area. USING AN AC ADAPTER The HI 98703 can be powered from the AC adapter when used in laboratory. See the Accessories section to select the correct AC adapter. To power the instrument, simply connect the AC adapter to the instrument (see Connectors Description, page 9). -
Page 38: Pc Interface
To use the USB protocol, simply connect a regular USB cable between instrument and PC. In both cases, the PC must run the HI 92000 application for successful data transfer. ERROR CODES HI 98703 has a powerful diagnostic system. The common errors are detected and reported for easy diagnostic and maintenance. I R C…
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Page 39: Accessories
To avoid damage or burns, do not put the instrument in microwave ovens. For your own and the instrument safety do not use or store the instrument in hazardous environments. Hanna Instruments reserves the right to modify the design, construction or appearance of its products without advance notice.
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HI 98703
Portable Turbidimeter
Instruction Manual
w w w. h a n n a i n s t . c o m
(Ocr-Read Summary of Contents of some pages of the Hanna Instruments HI 98703 Document (Main Content), UPD: 02 March 2023)
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12, 12 GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT CUVETTE The cuvette is part of the optical system in all measurements. The light reaches the sample by passing through the cuvette glass. As a result, the measurement can be affected by the glass imperfections, dirt, dust, scratches, or fingerprints present on the cuvette surface. CUVETTE HANDLING The cuvettes should be free of scratches or cracks. Any cuvette with visible scratches will be discarded. The c…
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29, 29 Press GLP s to enter or exit GLP data consulting. Several functions are available when in GLP menu. Press READ u to scroll the following GLP data: • The last calibration date, in YYYY.MM.DD format. If no calibration was performed, the factory calibration message, “F.CAL”, will be displayed on the LCD. • The time of the last calibration in hh:mm format. • First calibration point: 0.00 NTU if skipped or the actual read value (e.g. 0.01 NTU). • Second calibration point…
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23, 23 TWO-POINT CALIBRATION • Turn the instrument on by pressing ON/OFF. When the LCD displays dashes, the instrument is ready. • Enter calibration mode by pressing CAL. The display will show “CAL P.1” and no suggested value. This first point is used to check the optical system. • Place the <0.1 NTU standard cuvette into the holder and ensure that the cuvette mark is aligned with the sign on the in…
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28, Hanna Instruments HI 98703 28 • Measurement date in YYYY.MM.DD format. • Measurement time in hh:mm format. • Delete the last record panel (only for last record). • Delete all records. DELETE LAST RECORD To log other values, the last record or all records have to be deleted. • To delete the last record, press SETUP/DEL while in delete last records panel. • The instrument asks for confirmation and if LOG/CFM is pressed, t…
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18, 18 HEATING THE SAMPLE Use of heat to remove air bubbles, although very effective in some cases, should be handled with care because it can alter the turbidity of the sample. When heating a sample, the volatile components from the sample can vaporize, the suspended components can dissolve or the sample characteristics can change. Therefore, the heating procedure should be used with extreme care. The best way is to use a warm water bath and immerse the…
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10, 10 DISPLAY DESCRIPTION 1) Battery icon. When it is ON, it shows that the instrument works on battery. When blinking, the batteries are almost empty and need to be replaced. 2) Wait icon. It is displayed when the instrument performs an internal checkup. 3) Lamp icon. The lamp icon is shown when the lamp is turned on. 4) Measurement icon. The icon shows the measuring scheme of the instrument. 5) Four digit main di…
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6, 6 Turbidity of the water is an optical property that causes light to be scattered and absorbed, rather than transmitted. The scattering of the light that passes through a liquid is primarily caused by the suspended solids. The higher the turbidity, the greater the amount of scattered light. Because even the molecules in a very pure fluid scatter light to a certain degree, no solution will have zero tu…
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35, 35 • Press the s or t keys to select the new baud rate value. • Press LOG/CFM to save the change. The new selected baud rate will be displayed. Alternatively, press CAL to exit without saving the changes. LCD BACKLIGHT The LCD can be illuminated to allow the user to see the readings even in dark environments. To turn ON or OFF the backlight, press LIGHT. The backlight will automatically shut-off after 25 seconds of non-use to save the battery li…
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17, 17 APPLICATION OF VACUUM Vacuum works by decreasing the atmospheric pressure. In this way the bubbles from the solution came out to the surface. Application of vacuum is a very simple procedure and can be applied with any vacuum source at hand. The simplest equipment at hand is a syringe and a rubber stopper for vacuum degassing. Notes: • Pay attention that the vacuum equipment be clean and oil-free. • It is not recommended to apply vacuum to a viscous sample that contains volatile co…
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26, Hanna Instruments HI 98703 26 LOGGING LOGGING The log function is active after a valid measurement is obtained (no errors). • To log a value, press LOG/CFM when the measurement result is displayed. The instrument asks to “READ TAG” for identification of the sampling location. The location for the new record is also displayed on the secondary LCD. • To read the ID code for the sampling location identification, simply touch the iBu…
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39, 39 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USERS Before using this product, make sure that it is entirely suitable for your specific application and for the environment in which it is used. Operation of this instrument may cause unacceptable interferences to other electronic equipment, requiring the user to follow all necessary steps to correct interferences. Any variation introduced by the user to the supplied equipment may degrad…
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25, 25 OUT CAL RANGE FUNCTION The instrument has an Out Cal Range function to prevent taking measurements in a range where the calibration does not assure the best results. The range where the calibration assures correct measurements is up to 40 NTU for two-point calibration and up to 150% of the third point value for three-point calibration. The display will show a blinking “CAL” tag each time the measurements are taken outside the calibration range. CAL…
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34, 34 • Press LOG/CFM to save the new time. The new set time will be displayed. Alternatively, press CAL to exit without saving the changes. SET INSTRUMENT ID The instrument ID is a four digit number that can be edited by the user. The instrument ID is downloaded on the PC application, together with the logged data. By setting a different ID for each instrument it is possible to mix information from ma…
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16, 16 • Open the instrument lid, slightly rotate the cuvette and take a new reading. • Repeat the last step for the second cuvette until the reading is within 0.01 NTU of the value obtained for the first cuvette. • Alternatively, keep READ u pressed and, after the first value is displayed, open the lid and start rotating the cuvette until the displayed value matches the first cuvette. • Mark this position …
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4, 4 HI 98703 is a high accuracy EPA compliant portable turbidimeter that benefits from Hanna’s years of experience as manufacturer of analytical instruments. The HI 98703 meets and exceeds the requirements of the USEPA Method 180.1 for wastewater and Standard Method 2130 B for drinking water. The instrument is specially designed for water quality measurements, providing a reliable and accurate reading on low turbidity values. The HI 98703 instrumen…
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8, Hanna Instruments HI 98703 8 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION 1) Cuvette Lid. Close the cuvette lid prior to start a measurement. 2) Cuvette Holder. Insert the cuvette into the holder with the cuvette mark matching the case mark. 3) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The LCD has backlight for better visibility in dark environments. 4) Keypad. Splash proof resistant. 5) Lamp connector. Connect the new lamp using a screwdriver during lamp changing pro…
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
HI 98703 is a high accuracy EPA compliant portable turbidimeter that benefits from Hanna’s years of
experience as manufacturer of analytical instruments. The HI 98703 meets and exceeds the requirements
of the USEPA Method 180.1 for wastewater and Standard Method 2130 B for drinking water.
The instrument is specially designed for water quality measurements, providing a reliable and
accurate reading on low turbidity values.
The HI 98703 instrument measures the turbidity of a sample in the 0.00 to 1000 NTU (Nephelometric
Turbidity Units) range. An effective algorithm calculates and converts the readings in NTU.
The instrument has an EPA compliance reading mode which rounds the reading to meet EPA reporting
requirements.
Depending on the measured probe and needed accuracy, normal measurement, continuous
measurement, or signal averaging measurement can be selected.
The instrument is based on a state-of-the-art optical system, which guarantees accurate results. The
optical system, consisting in a tungsten filament lamp and two detectors (scattered and transmitted),
assures long term stability and minimizes stray light and color interferences. It also compensates for
variations in intensity of the lamp, minimizing the need of frequent calibration.
The 25 mm round cuvettes made from special optical glass guarantee the repeatability and consistency
of the measurements.
Calibration can be easily performed at any time in two, three ot four points (<0.1, 15, 100 and
750 NTU-adjustable calibration points), using the supplied or user prepared standards.
HI 98703 has complete GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) functions that allows traceability of the calibration
conditions. The last calibration points, time and date can be checked at any time by a single touch.
HI 98703 has a very user-friendly interface, with an easy to read, large LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).
The displayed codes guide the user step by step with routine operation and through calibration.
Confirmation and acoustic signals help the user during instrument operation.
The HI 98703 turbidimeter is a truly splash proof portable instrument. It is supplied with a rigid
carrying case that offers protection for harsh environments.
One battery set is enough for at least 1500 measurements. The battery charging percentage and low
battery condition are displayed on the LCD to avoid unexpected battery failure. In order to save the
battery life, the instrument has an auto shut-off feature and will turn off after 15 minutes of non-use.
In addition, the instrument is equipped with backlight and the current time is continuously displayed
on the LCD.
The instrument also provides a logging function. Up to 200 measurements can be stored in the
internal memory and consulted at any time. Data can be downloaded to a PC for storing or further
analysis through one of the two available ports: RS232 or USB.
For advanced field applications, the HI 98703 turbidimeter is equipped with Tag Identification
System (TIS) that makes data collecting and management simpler than ever.
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1.800.561.8187
information@itm.com
www.
.com
Высокоточный портативный измеритель мутности HI98703 разработан специально для измерения качества воды, обеспечивая надежные и точные показания, особенно в низком диапазоне значений мутности. В приборе реализована новейшая оптическая система, гарантирующая точные результаты, обеспечивающая долгосрочную стабильность, а также минимизирующая влияние рассеянного света и цветовых помех. Периодическая калибровка с помощью прилагаемых стандартов компенсирует любые вариации интенсивности свечения вольфрамовой лампы. Изготовленные из специального оптического стекла круглые 25-ти миллиметровые кюветы гарантирует воспроизводимость результатов измерений мутности.
Особенности
Несколько режимов работы – в приборе доступны следующие режимы работы: обычные измерения, непрерывные измерения или измерения с усреднением сигнала.
Измерения, соответствующие требованиям EPA – Технические характеристики HI98703 по измерению мутности соответствуют и даже превосходят требования закона о защите окружающей среды (ЕРА), а также стандартных методов измерений мутности. Когда прибор находится в режиме EPA, все измеряемые показания мутности округляются в соответствии с требованиями к отчетности.
Калибровка – калибровка может быть выполнена по двум, трём или четырём точкам с помощью входящих в комплект поставки стандартов мутности (<0,1, 15, 100 и 750 NTU). Значения калибровочных точек можно изменить, если пользователь изготовит свои стандарты.
AMCO AEPA-1 первичный стандарт мутности – Прилагаемые стандарты AMCO AEPA-1 признаны управлением по охране окружающей среды США (USEPA) в качестве первичного эталона. Эти нетоксичные стандарты содержат однородные по размеру и плотности полимерные частицы сферической формы, изготовленные из сополимера стирола и дивинилбензола. Эти стандарты являются многоразовыми и стабильными с длительным сроком хранения.
Fast Tracker™ – Для применения в передовых областях использования, HI98703 оснащен системой быстрого слежения и идентификации меток (Fast Tracker™ — Tag Identification System (T.I.S.)), что делает сбор данных и управление ими проще, чем, когда бы то ни было. Для обеспечения быстроты и лёгкости работы, система Fast Tracker™ позволяет пользователям записывать на метки iButton® местоположение точек отбора проб и время проведения отдельных измерений или серии измерений. Каждая метка iButton® содержит заключенный в корпус из нержавеющей стали компьютерный чип с уникальным идентификационным кодом.
Данные GLP – В приборе HI98703 имеется функция полная GLP (надлежащая лабораторная практика), которая обеспечивает прослеживаемость условий калибровки. Данные содержат точки калибровки, дату и время.
Регистрация данных – до 200 измерений могут быть сохранены в памяти прибора и вызваны из неё в любое время.
Дисплей с подсветкой – ЖК-дисплей с подсветкой содержит легко понятный, удобный интерфейс. Отображаемые инструкции подсказывают пользователям необходимые шаги при проведении измерений и калибровки.
Важность использования
Мутность является одним из наиболее важных параметров, используемых для определения качества питьевой воды. Сначала этот параметр рассматривался преимущественно в качестве эстетической характеристики питьевой воды, затем появились доказательства того, что контроль мутности является надёжным средством защиты от патогенных микроорганизмов. В природной воде, измерения мутности производятся для общей оценки качества воды и её применимости в приложениях, связанных с обитающими в воде организмами. Раньше мониторинг и очистка сточных вод были основаны исключительно на контроле мутности. В настоящее время необходимо проводить измерение мутности после очистки сточных вод, чтобы удостоверится, что полученные значения находятся в пределах нормативных стандартов.
Мутность воды является оптическим свойством, вызывающим не прохождение, а рассеивание и поглощение света. Рассеяние проходящего через жидкость света, в первую очередь, вызвано присутствующими в жидкости взвешенными твердыми частицами. Чем выше значение мутности, тем больше рассеивание света. Даже очень чистая жидкость в определенной степени будет рассеивать свет, поскольку ни один раствор не имеет нулевую мутность.
Закон о защите окружающей среды (ЕРА) требует от заводов по очистке питьевой воды, забирающих воду из поверхностных вод, проводить мониторинг её мутности и предоставлять отчетность. Поверхностные источники воды – это озера и реки. Метод EPA 180.1 предъявляет нижеследующие требования к нефелометрическим измерениям и отчетности:
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Приемлемый диапазон составляет 0-40 нефелометрических единиц мутности (NTU)
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Источник света: Вольфрамовая лампа работает при цветовой температуре 2200-3000 °К.
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Расстояние, пройденное падающим и рассеянным светом в пробирке с образцом: Суммарное расстояние не должно превышать 10 см.
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Детектор: Отцентрирован под углом 90 ° по отношению к направлению падающего света и отклонение от 90 ° не должно превышать ± 30 °. Детектор и система фильтров (при их использовании), должны иметь спектральный пик отклика между 400 нм и 600 нм
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Чувствительность прибора должна позволять обнаружение разницы мутности в 0,02 NTU или менее в водах, со значением мутности менее 1 единицы.
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Предоставить результаты следующим образом:
Показания NTU | Округление с точностью до |
0.0 — 1.0 |
0.05 |
1 — 10 |
0.1 |
10 — 40 |
1 |
40 — 100 |
5 |
100 — 400 |
10 |
400 — 1000 |
50 |
>1000 |
100 |
Технические характеристики HI98703 по мутности соответствуют и даже превосходят требования метода 180.1 закона о защите окружающей среды (ЕРА), а также стандартные методы исследования воды и сточных вод 2130 B.
Принцип действия
Проходящий через образец световой луч рассеивается во всех направлениях. Интенсивность и характер рассеянного света зависит от многих параметров, таких как длина волны падающего света, размер и форма частиц, показатель преломления и цвет. Оптическая система HI98703 состоит из вольфрамовой лампы накаливания, детектора рассеянного света (90 °) и детектора проходящего света (180 °).
В пропорциональном диапазоне работы турбидиметра, микропроцессор прибора вычисляет значения NTU на основе сигналов, достигающих двух детекторов, с помощью эффективного алгоритма, корректирующего и компенсирующего цветовые помехи. Оптическая система и метод измерения также компенсируют случайные изменения интенсивности свечения лампы, минимизируя необходимость в частой калибровке.
В непропорциональном диапазоне работы турбидиметра, значения NTU вычисляются из сигнала, попадающего на детектор рассеянного света (90 °). Этот метод обеспечивает высокую линейность на низком диапазоне, однако, он более чувствителен к случайным изменениям интенсивности свечения лампы. Нижний предел обнаружения турбидиметра определяется паразитной засветкой, которая фиксируется датчиками, но не является рассеянием света от взвешенных частиц. Оптическая система HI98703 разработана так, чтобы обеспечить очень низкий уровень паразитной засветки, обеспечивая высокую точность результатов для проб с низкими значениями мутности.
Стандарты HI98703-11 AMCO AEPA-1 призваны обеспечить привязанность измерений к первичному эталону. Эти стандарты используются для калибровки и проверки технических характеристик измерителя мутности.
Поставляются с сертификатом анализа
- Номер партии
- Срок годности
- Стандартное значение при 25 ° C
- Эталонный измеритель по NIST
Предоставленные контейнеры для хранения
- Светонепроницаемые
- Защищают от случайного разбивания